Detecting neoplasm
Provided herein is technology relating to detecting neoplasia and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, compositions, and related uses for detecting premalignant and malignant neoplasms such as pancreatic and colorectal cancer.
1. A method comprising:
extracting genomic DNA from a biological sample obtained from an individual;
treating the extracted genomic DNA with bisulfite;
amplifying the bisulfite-treated genomic DNA using primers specific for a CpG site for NDRG4, primers specific for a CpG site for CD1 D, and primers specific for a CpG site for GRIN2D; and
measuring a methylation level of the CpG site for NDRG4, the CpG site for CD1 D, and the CpG site for GRIN2D.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a stool sample, an esophageal tissue sample, a tissue sample, a pancreatic juice sample, a pancreatic cyst fluid sample, a blood sample, or a urine sample.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring a methylation level of the CpG site for NDRG4, the CpG site for CD1D, and the CpG site for GRIN2D is determined by methylation-specific PCR, quantitative methylation-specific PCR, methylation-sensitive DNA restriction enzyme analysis, or bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample was obtained from an individual having or suspected of having or having a gastrointestinal neoplasm, a colorectal neoplasm, a pancreas neoplasm, a stomach neoplasm, and/or an esophagus neoplasm.