Terahertz-based conveyor belt monitoring

1. A system for monitoring conveyor belts, the system comprising:

a transmitter configured to direct terahertz radiation towards a conveyor belt;

a receiver configured to measure reflected signals based on the terahertz radiation; and

circuitry configured to determine belt characteristics of the conveyor belt based on the measured reflected radiation; and

the circuitry is configured to determine a depth of a cover layer based on the measured reflected radiation.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a reflection element configured to reflect a portion of the terahertz radiation after a portion of the transmitted beam is reflected off the conveyor surface and subsequent internal interfaces towards the receiver.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter is configured to direct the terahertz radiation normal to an outer surface of the conveyor belt.

4. The system of claim 1 , further where the system is permanently mounted and the circuitry generates an alarm based on the measured reflected signals from a current scan and a prior scan.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflected radiation has a selected frequency of up to 2.0 THz.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reflected radiation includes a first reflected pulse at a first time and a second reflected pulse at a second time and the circuitry determines a depth of a layer based on the first reflected pulse and the second reflected pulse.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first reflected pulse is a reflection from an upper surface of a cover layer and the second reflected pulse is a reflection from a lower interface or surface within the conveyor belt.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine the thickness of a cover layer based on the measured reflected radiation.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to detect a defect and identify a tear in a transverse direction and/or a rip in a longitudinal direction within the conveyor belt at a depth, width and length position of the conveyor belt.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine a length along the conveyor belt using an encoder or other tachometer device, edges of the conveyor belt by the absences of reflected signals and a depth based on delta time of reflections.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to utilize returned power of the reflected signals to determine changes in the belt morphology for the purpose of monitoring conveyor structure over time through periodic scans.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein the circuitry is configured to utilize returned power of the reflected signals in order to assess and monitor a splice joint between a plurality of sections of belt in order to assess construction for quality and/or monitor over time through periodic scans or from one belt revolution to the next.

13. The system of claim 1 where the transmitter and receiver have a geometry altered from both being perpendicular from the belt surface to being skewed such as to have an angle between the transmit and received signal to optimize reflective signal for defect detection.

14. A system for monitoring conveyor belts, the system comprising:

a receiver configured to measure a first reflected signal and a second reflected signal based on terahertz radiation and from a conveyor belt; and

circuitry configured to determine an upper surface of a layer of the conveyor belt based on the first reflected signal and a lower interface or surface layer based on the second reflected signal.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the layer is a cover layer or top layer.

16. The system of claim 14 , wherein the interface layer is located below a cover of the conveyor belt.

17. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a transmitter configured to direct the terahertz radiation normal to an outer surface of the conveyor belt.

18. A method of monitoring a conveyor belt, the method comprising:

directing terahertz radiation toward a conveyor belt;

generating reflected signals based on a refractive index and absorption characteristics of the conveyor belt;

measuring the reflected signals by a receiver; and

determining belt characteristics based on the measured reflected signals.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising determining belt edges, belt structure, presence of defects and splice structural characteristics based on the measured reflected signals.

20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising determining the returned power of the reflected signals to monitor one or more splice joints.