Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine graft polymer, and an acidic compound having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 3 or less in water at 25° C. The amount of the acidic compound relative to the outermost surface layer is 100 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less.
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,
wherein:
an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine graft polymer, and an acidic compound having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 3 or less in water at 25° C.,
an amount of the acidic compound relative to the outermost surface layer is 150 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less,
the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound, and
the acidic compound is a carboxylic acid compound having 2 to 4 carboxyl groups.
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the acidic compound is −2.8 or more and 2.5 or less.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the acidic compound is −2 or more and 1.5 or less.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the acidic compound relative to the outermost surface layer is 150 ppm or more and 5000 ppm or less.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of the basic compound.
6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and 0 ppm or more and 1.5 ppm or less of the basic compound.
7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein the basic compound is an amine compound.
8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein the basic compound has a boiling point of 40° C. or higher and 130° C. or lower.
9. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,
wherein:
an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine graft polymer, and a carboxylic acid compound having 2 or more and 4 or less carboxyl groups,
an amount of the carboxylic acid compound having 2 or more and 4 or less carboxyl groups relative to the outermost surface layer is 150 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less, and
the fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10 6 carbon atoms, and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound.
10. A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 .
11. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ;
a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by using a developer containing a toner so as to form a toner image; and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium.