Method of dynamically calculating refractive index to determine the thickness of roofing materials
Disclosed is a system for measuring and controlling the thickness of asphalt roofing materials during manufacturing. Light beams are used to generate a time of flight signal that is used to determine the thickness of the asphalt roofing layer. A controller generates a thickness control signal that controls a coater to modify parameters of the coater to produce the asphalt roofing layer with a desired thickness.
1. A method of controlling the thickness of an asphalt roofing layer during manufacturing comprising:
measuring temperature and density of said asphalt roofing layer;
determining a refractive index for said asphalt roofing layer, that varies with density and temperature of said asphalt roofing layer, using empirical data;
measuring time of flight of a light beam through said asphalt roofing layer;
calculating said thickness of said asphalt roofing layer by multiplying said time of flight by speed of light divided by said refractive index to obtain a measured thickness;
comparing said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer with a desired thickness to generate an error signal;
using said error signal to generate a control signal in a controller;
using said control signal to control an asphalt coater or scraper to alter said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer to said desired thickness during manufacture of said asphalt roofing layer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said method of measuring said time of flight of said light beam through said asphalt roofing layer comprises:
using a time domain spectrometer that transmits light beams that reflect from a top surface of said asphalt roofing layer and a bottom surface of said asphalt roofing layer.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said method of determining a refractive index for said asphalt roofing layer comprises:
directly measuring speed of light propagated through asphalt with various filler percentages of said asphalt layer and at various temperatures of said asphalt layer to obtain propagation data;
using regression analysis or least squares analysis to obtain a refractive index equation that predicts a refractive index value for various filler percentages and temperatures;
using a filler percentage and a temperature of said asphalt roofing layer in said refractive index equation to obtain a refractive index value for said asphalt roofing layer that can be used to calculate said thickness of said asphalt layer.
4. A method of controlling the thickness of an asphalt roofing layer during manufacturing comprising:
measuring temperature and density of said asphalt roofing layer;
determining a refractive index for said asphalt roofing layer, that varies with density and temperature of said asphalt roofing layer, using empirical data;
measuring time of flight of a light beam through said asphalt roofing layer;
calculating said thickness of said asphalt roofing layer by multiplying said time of flight by speed of light divided by said refractive index to obtain a measured thickness;
calculating a target thickness using a final desired thickness and a volumetric thermal expansion equation;
comparing said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer with a target thickness to generate an error signal;
using said error signal to generate a control signal in a controller;
using said control signal to control an asphalt coater or scraper to alter said measured thickness of said asphalt roofing layer to said desired thickness during manufacture of said asphalt roofing layer.