Treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid
The present disclosure relates to an improved method for treating a lignocellulose biomass in order to dissolve the lignin therein, while the cellulose does not dissolve. The cellulose pulp obtained can be used to produce glucose. In addition the lignin can be isolated for subsequent use in the renewable chemical industry.
1. A method of treating a biomass containing lignin and cellulose, the method comprising:
(a) dissolving lignin of the biomass by contacting the lignocellulose biomass with a composition comprising an ionic liquid while leaving cellulose of the biomass undissolved to produce a cellulose pulp, wherein the ionic liquid comprises
(i) a cation of Formula I
wherein A 1 to A 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, an aliphatic, C 3-6 carbocycle, C 6-10 aryl, alkylaryl, and heteroaryl; and
(ii) an anion selected from the group consisting of C 1-20 alkyl sulfate [AlkylSO 4 ] − , C 1-20 alkylsulfonate [AlkylSO 3 ] − , hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − , hydrogen sulfite [HSO 3 ] − , dihydrogen phosphate [H 2 PO 4 ] − , hydrogen phosphate [HPO 4 ] 2− and acetate [MeCO 2 ] − , wherein if the anion is acetate then the composition further comprises 10-40% v/v water and if the anion is not acetate then the composition comprises 5-40% v/v water.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of A 1 to A 4 is not H.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of A 1 to A 4 is H.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cation is an alkylammonium or mixture thereof.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cation is an alcoholammonium or mixture thereof.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of [MeSO 4 ] − , acetate, [HSO 4 ] − and [MeSO 3 ] − .
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cation is selected from the group consisting of trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, triethanolammonium, diethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, diethanolammonium, methylammonium, ethylammonium, monoethanolammonium, and diethylbenzylammonium.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ionic liquid is alkylammonium hydrogen sulfate.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ionic liquid is triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − , diethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − , or ethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − .
10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the anion is not acetate and the composition comprises 5-40% v/v water.
11. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ionic liquid further comprises 0.01-20% v/v acid.
12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition at 100-180° C.
13. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition for 15 min-24 hours.
14. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising
(b) separating the ionic liquid from the pulp produced in (a).
15. A method as claimed in claim 14 further comprising
(c) adding an anti-solvent to the ionic liquid obtained in (b) to precipitate out the dissolved lignin;
(d) separating the precipitated solid from the anti-solvent/ionic liquid; and
(e) removing the anti-solvent from the ionic liquid obtained in (d),
wherein the anti-solvent is water.
16. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biomass is contacted with the composition prior to mechanical processing.
17. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biomass is contacted with the composition after mechanical processing.
18. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of washing the pulp with water or an organic solvent which is miscible with the ionic liquid.
19. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of A 1 to A 4 is not H, and at least one of A 1 to A 4 is H.