Closed-loop supplemental heater system in an air handler system of outside air cooled data center
Cooling system of modular data center (MDC) has air handling unit (AHU) that circulates cooling air through information technology (IT) module(s). Transducer(s) sense first air characteristic value of cooling air directed to IT module(s) of MDC, the value being selected one of: (i) temperature value; and (ii) humidity value. AHU controller determines whether first air characteristic value satisfies first air characteristic criterion of one of: (i) a temperature value equal to or greater than minimum temperature threshold; and (ii) a humidity value equal to or less than maximum humidity threshold. In response to determining that first air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, AHU controller triggers supplemental heater to warm cooling air before cooling air comes into contact with IT module(s) inside of MDC to at least one of: (i) provide cooling air above minimum operating temperature of components within IT module(s); and (ii) prevent condensation.
1. A cooling system for a modular data center (MDC), the cooling system comprising:
an air handling unit (AHU) that circulates cooling air through one or more information technology (IT) modules of the MDC;
at least one first air characteristic transducer positioned to sense a first air characteristic value of cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC, the value being a selected one of: (i) a temperature value; and (ii) a humidity value of cooling air;
at least one second air characteristic transducer positioned to sense a second air characteristic value of the cooling air, the second air characteristic value being a next one of (i) the temperature value and (ii) the humidity value that is not the first air characteristic value, the temperature value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC;
a supplemental heater positioned to transfer supplemental heat to the cooling air before the cooling air reaches the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
an AHU controller in communication with the at least one first air characteristic transducer and the supplemental heater, and which executes an AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether either of the first or the second air characteristic value satisfies a respective first or second air characteristic criterion of a respective one of: (i) a temperature value equal to or greater than a minimum temperature threshold; and (ii) a humidity value equal to or less than a maximum humidity threshold; and
in response to determining that either of the first or the second air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to (i) provide cooling air above a minimum operating temperature and below the maximum humidity threshold of components within the one or more IT modules and (ii) prevent condensation.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one first air characteristic value comprises the temperature value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
the AHU controller executes the AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion of the temperature value being equal to or greater than the minimum temperature threshold; and
in response to determining that the first air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to provide cooling air above the minimum operating temperature of components within the one or more IT modules.
3. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one first air characteristic value comprises the humidity value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
the AHU controller executes the AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion of the humidity value being equal to or less than the maximum humidity threshold; and
in response to determining that the first air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to provide cooling air below the maximum humidity threshold to prevent condensation.
4. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein:
the AHU controller enables the cooling system to:
determine a minimum IT electrical load value of heat generating components of the one or more IT modules that is required to satisfy both the first and the second air characteristic criteria;
receive a current IT electrical load value of the operation of the heat generating components of the one or more IT modules within the MDC; and
set a heater output level based on a difference between the minimum electrical IT load value and the current IT electrical load value to satisfy both the first and second air characteristic criteria.
5. The cooling system of claim 4 , further comprising:
a power distribution system coupled to the one or more IT modules and the supplemental heater; and
a power level transducer that measures an electrical load supplied by the power distribution system to the one or more IT modules and the supplemental heater, wherein the AHU controller enables the cooling system to automatically adjust a heater output level based on the difference between a minimum IT electrical load value and an electrical load supplied by the power distribution system.
6. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental heater is located within an air intake chamber of the AHU.
7. A modular data center (MDC) comprising:
one or more information technology (IT) modules; and
a cooling system comprising:
an air handling unit (AHU) that circulates cooling air through the one or more IT modules of the MDC;
at least one first air characteristic transducer positioned to sense a first air characteristic value of cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC, the value being a selected one of: (i) a temperature value; and (ii) a humidity value of cooling air;
at least one second air characteristic transducer positioned to sense a second air characteristic value of the cooling air, the second air characteristic value being a next one of (i) the temperature value and (ii) the humidity value that is not the first air characteristic value, the temperature value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC;
a supplemental heater positioned to transfer supplemental heat to the cooling air before the cooling air reaches the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
an AHU controller in communication with the at least one first air characteristic transducer and the supplemental heater, and which executes an AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether either the first or the second air characteristic value satisfies a respective first or second air characteristic criterion of a respective one of: (i) a temperature value equal to or greater than a minimum temperature threshold; and (ii) a humidity value equal to or less than a maximum humidity threshold; and
in response to determining that either of the first or the second air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to (i) provide cooling air above a minimum operating temperature and below the maximum humidity threshold of components within the one or more IT modules and (ii) prevent condensation.
8. The MDC of claim 7 , wherein:
the at least one first air characteristic value comprises the temperature value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
the AHU controller executes the AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion of the temperature value being equal to or greater than the minimum temperature threshold; and
in response to determining that the first air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to provide cooling air above the minimum operating temperature of components within the one or more IT modules.
9. The MDC of claim 7 , wherein:
the at least one first air characteristic value comprises the humidity value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
the AHU controller executes the AHU utility to enable the cooling system to:
determine whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion of the humidity value being above the maximum humidity threshold; and
in response to determining that the first air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, trigger the supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to provide cooling air below the maximum humidity threshold to prevent condensation.
10. The MDC of claim 7 , wherein:
the AHU recirculates the cooling air warmed by the one or more IT modules within the MDC;
the at least one first air characteristic transducer and the at least one second air characteristic transducer are positioned to sense conditions within the recirculated cooling air; and
the AHU controller enables the cooling system to:
determine a minimum IT electrical load value of heat generating components of the one or more IT modules that is required to satisfy both the first and second air characteristic criteria;
receive a current IT electrical load value of the operation of the heat generating components of the one or more IT modules within the MDC; and
set a heater output level based on a difference between the minimum electrical IT load value and the current IT electrical load value to satisfy both the first and second air characteristic criteria.
11. The MDC of claim 10 , further comprising:
a power distribution system coupled to the one or more IT modules and the supplemental heater; and
a power level transducer that measures an electrical load supplied by the power distribution system to the one or more IT modules and the supplemental heater, wherein the AHU controller enables the cooling system to automatically adjust the heater output level based on the difference between the minimum IT electrical load value and the electrical load supplied by the power distribution system.
12. The MDC of claim 7 , wherein the supplemental heater is located within an air intake chamber of the AHU.
13. A method comprising:
circulating cooling air through one or more information technology (IT) modules of a modular data center (MDC);
sensing a first and a second air characteristic value of cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC, the value being a respective one of: (i) a temperature value; and (ii) a humidity value;
determining whether either the first or the second air characteristic value satisfies a respective first or second air characteristic criterion from among: (i) a temperature value being equal to or greater than a minimum temperature threshold; and (ii) a humidity value being equal to or less than a maximum humidity threshold; and
in response to determining that either the first or the second air characteristic criterion is not satisfied, triggering a supplemental heater to warm the cooling air before the cooling air comes into contact with the one or more IT modules inside of the MDC to (i) provide cooling air above a minimum operating temperature and below the maximum humidity threshold of components within the one or more IT modules and (ii) prevent condensation.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
sensing the first air characteristic value comprises sensing the temperature value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC; and
determining whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion comprises determining whether the temperature value is equal to or greater than the minimum temperature threshold.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
sensing the first air characteristic value comprises sensing the humidity value of the cooling air directed to the one or more IT modules of the MDC;
determining whether the first air characteristic value satisfies the first air characteristic criterion comprises determining whether the humidity value is equal to or greater than the maximum humidity threshold.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
recirculating the cooling air warmed by the one or more IT modules within the MDC;
sensing the first and second air characteristic values of the recirculated cooling air;
determining a minimum IT electrical load value of heat generating components of the one or more IT modules that is required to satisfy the first and second air characteristic criteria;
receiving a current IT electrical load value provided by the operation of the heat generating components of the one or more IT modules within the MDC; and
setting a heater output level based on a difference between the minimum electrical IT load value and the current IT electrical load value to satisfy both the first and second air characteristic criteria.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
measuring an electrical load supplied by a power distribution system to the one or more IT modules and the supplemental heater; and
automatically adjusting the heater output level based on the difference between the minimum IT electrical load value and the electrical load supplied by the power distribution system.