Partial spray refurbishment of sputtering targets
View Patent ↗In various embodiments, eroded sputtering targets are partially refurbished by spray-depositing particles of target material to at least partially fill certain regions (e.g., regions of deepest erosion) without spray-deposition within other eroded regions (e.g., regions of less erosion). The partially refurbished sputtering targets may be sputtered after the partial refurbishment without substantive changes in sputtering properties (e.g., sputtering rate) and/or properties of the sputtered films.
1. A method of sputtering a target material, the method comprising:
disposing within a sputtering tool a partially refurbished sputtering target comprising:
a target plate (i) comprising the target material and (ii) having a surface contour defining (a) a top surface and (b) a recessed region having a surface recessed below the top surface, and
disposed on the target plate adjacent but not within the recessed region, a layer of unmelted metal powder (i) having a top surface (a) approximately coplanar with the top surface of the target plate or (b) recessed below the top surface to a depth no deeper than a depth of the surface of the recessed region, and (ii) having an interface with the plate disposed at a depth deeper than the surface of the recessed region; and
sputtering target material from the partially refurbished sputtering target.
2. A method of sputtering a target material, the method comprising:
disposing within a sputtering tool a partially refurbished sputtering target comprising:
a target plate (i) comprising the target material and (ii) having a surface contour defining (a) a top surface and (b) a recessed region having a surface recessed below the top surface, and
disposed on the target plate adjacent the recessed region, a layer of unmelted metal powder (i) having a top surface (a) approximately coplanar with the top surface of the target plate or (b) recessed below the top surface to a depth no deeper than a depth of the surface of the recessed region, and (ii) having an interface with the plate disposed at a depth deeper than the surface of the recessed region; and
sputtering target material from the partially refurbished sputtering target,
wherein the partially refurbished sputtering target is formed by:
providing an eroded sputtering target having a surface contour defining (i) an upper surface level, (ii) a first eroded region having a surface depth recessed below the upper surface level, and (iii) a second eroded region having a surface depth deeper than the surface depth of the first eroded region, the eroded sputtering target comprising the target material; and
spray-depositing particles of the target material to at least partially fill the second eroded region without spray-deposition in the first eroded region.
3. A method of sputtering a target material, the method comprising:
disposing within a sputtering tool a partially refurbished sputtering target comprising:
a target plate (i) comprising the target material and (ii) having a surface contour defining (a) a top surface and (b) a recessed region having a surface recessed below the top surface, and
disposed on the target plate adjacent the recessed region, a layer of unmelted metal powder (i) having a top surface (a) approximately coplanar with the top surface of the target plate or (b) recessed below the top surface to a depth no deeper than a depth of the surface of the recessed region, and (ii) having an interface with the plate disposed at a depth deeper than the surface of the recessed region; and
sputtering target material from the partially refurbished sputtering target,
wherein the partially refurbished sputtering target is formed by:
providing an eroded sputtering target having a surface contour defining (i) an upper surface level, (ii) a first eroded region having a surface depth recessed below the upper surface level, and (iii) a second eroded region having a surface depth deeper than the surface depth of the first eroded region, the eroded sputtering target comprising the target material;
identifying one or more characteristics of the second eroded region;
spray-depositing particles of the target material to at least partially fill the second eroded region; and
during spray deposition of particles of the target material, preventing deposition of particles of the target material in the first eroded region, whereby the surface depth of the first eroded region remains recessed below the upper surface level thereafter.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the layer of unmelted metal powder is approximately coplanar with the top surface of the target plate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the layer of unmelted metal powder is recessed below the top surface to a depth shallower than the depth of the surface of the recessed region.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the layer of unmelted metal powder is recessed below the top surface to a depth equal to, ±10%, the depth of the surface of the recessed region.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer of unmelted metal powder comprises the target material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a backing plate is affixed to the target plate.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the backing plate comprises a material having a melting point lower than a melting point of the target material.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the backing plate comprises at least one of copper, aluminum, or steel.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the target plate is affixed to the backing plate with a bonding agent.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a melting point of the bonding agent is less than approximately 200° C.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the bonding agent comprises indium solder.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the target plate has a first grain size and a first crystalline microstructure, and
the layer of unmelted metal powder has at least one of (i) a second grain size finer than the first grain size, or (ii) a second crystalline microstructure more random than the first crystalline microstructure.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the target plate was initially formed by ingot metallurgy or powder metallurgy.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein there is a distinct boundary line between the target plate and the layer of unmelted powder.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target material comprises at least one of Mo, Ti, Mo/Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Zr, a mixture of two or more thereof or one or more thereof with one or more other metals, or an alloy of two or more thereof or one or more thereof with one or more other metals.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target material comprises at least one of Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, a mixture of two or more thereof or one or more thereof with one or more other metals, or an alloy of two or more thereof or one or more thereof with one or more other metals.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein a volume of the layer of unmelted metal powder is less than a volume of the recessed region.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the target plate is rectangular and has first and second opposing ends;
the recessed region and the layer of unmelted metal powder collectively define an annulus, the surface contour of at least a portion of a center of the annulus corresponding to the top surface of the target plate; and
the layer of unmelted metal powder is disposed within (i) a first end portion of the annulus proximate the first end of the target plate and (ii) a second end portion of the annulus proximate the second end of the target plate.