Method of making an axle
A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.
1. A method of making an axle comprising:
forging a one-piece axle blank that is a single piece of material and has a shaft that extends from and is integrally formed with a flange using a forging die set that includes a first die having a forming shaft that is received in a first die cavity and a second die having a second die cavity, wherein the shaft is formed in the first die around the forming shaft thereby forming a hole in the shaft that extends along an axis, and the flange is formed in the second die cavity between the first die and the second die, wherein the flange extends radially outward from an end of the shaft and the shaft is completely disposed in the first die; and
radially forging the shaft against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising radially forging an end portion of the shaft that extends from an end surface that is disposed opposite the flange against a second mandrel, which has a smaller outside diameter than the first mandrel, after radially forging the shaft against the first mandrel.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein radially forging the end portion of the shaft against the second mandrel reduces a diameter of the hole in the end portion such that the hole has a larger diameter between the flange and the end portion and the shaft has a substantially constant outside diameter between the flange and the end surface.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising providing a spline on the end portion after radially forging the end portion.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising removing material from a first side of the flange that faces away from the end surface and removing material from a second side of the flange that is disposed opposite the first side.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein removing material from the first side of the flange includes removing material from a ring that extends continuously around a recess that extends from the axis to the ring without removing material from the recess.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the ring has a plurality of lobes that protrude radially outward from the axis.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising drilling a lug hole through each lobe after removing material from the first side and the second side of the flange.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein removing material from the second side of the flange includes removing material along the second side from an outer surface of the flange that faces away from the axis to the shaft.
10. The method of claim 4 further comprising hardening the spline.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising removing material from the end surface prior to hardening the spline.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising installing a plug in the end portion to seal the hole after hardening the spline.
13. The method of claim 2 wherein
the first mandrel is removed from the hole after radially forging the shaft against the first mandrel and the second mandrel is inserted into the hole after the first mandrel is removed.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein radially forging the end portion of the shaft against the second mandrel reduces a diameter of the hole in the end portion such that the hole has a larger diameter between the flange and the end portion and the shaft has a substantially constant outside diameter between the flange and the end surface.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the flange has an outer surface that faces away from the axis, a ring that extends from the outer surface toward the axis, and a recess that extends radially inward from the ring to the axis and that extends axially from the ring toward the shaft.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the flange includes a plurality of lobes that protrude radially outward with respect to the recess, wherein the lobes are provided in a repeating pattern around the axis.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein radially forging the shaft against the first mandrel reduces a diameter of the hole and reduces a wall thickness of the shaft.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the flange is secured in a gripper when the shaft is radially forged such that the flange is not forged when the shaft is radially forged.