Manufacture of patient-specific orthodontic brackets with improved base and retentive features

1. A method of manufacturing customized ceramic labial/lingual orthodontic brackets by additive manufacturing, said method comprising:

based on dentition data of a profile of teeth of a patient, generating a three-dimensional (3D) model of the patient's teeth;

generating a 3D bracket structure model for a single labial or lingual bracket structure based upon said 3D model of the patient's teeth, wherein generating the 3D bracket structure model comprises:

generating a first 3D bracket model having a base surface that is contoured to a shape of a tooth of the patient based on the 3D model of the patient's teeth; and

generating the 3D bracket structure model based on the first 3D bracket model by forming a cavity within the base surface, thereby producing a wall at the base surface and a plurality of retentive structures within the cavity, with the plurality of retentive structures arranged interior to the wall, wherein each retentive structure is a three-dimensional figure with a positive draft angle greater than 0°, wherein a surface of each retentive structure is contoured to the shape of the tooth of the patient, and wherein the wall includes a full perimeter around the 3D bracket structure model that is contoured to the shape of the tooth of the patient;

importing data related to the 3D bracket structure model into an additive manufacturing machine; and

directly producing the bracket, with the base having the wall and the plurality of retentive structures, with the additive manufacturing machine by layer manufacturing from an inorganic material including at least one of a ceramic, a polymer-derived ceramic, and a polymer-derived metal.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing machine uses a slurry based process.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the slurry based process includes at least one of lithography-based manufacturing, inkjet printing, slip casting, laser lithography additive manufacturing, direct light processing, and selective laser melting.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each retentive structure has a cross-section that is generally trapezoidal, and having the surface being a neutral plane oriented toward a tooth structure or tooth surface that is wider than a base plane oriented toward a bracket body.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein at least some neutral planes are not parallel to the base plane.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the bracket is produced from an inorganic material with at least one component selected from a group of materials including an oxide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, a carbide ceramic, Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2), Alumina-toughened Zirconia (ATZ), Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), Lithium di silicate, Leucite silicate and Silicon Nitride.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 3D bracket structure model includes data defining a mesial-distal or horizontal slot adapted to receive an archwire, a vertical slot adapted to receive at least a portion of the archwire within a middle third of the bracket, or both.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each retentive structure is a three-dimensional figure selected from semi-lunar cones, full-circle cones, squares, retentive lattices, meshes, and combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bracket is produced with a resolution from about 5 μm to about 100 μm.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the resolution is from about 5 μm to about 40 μm.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the resolution is an x-y pixel resolution.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of retentive structures are arranged interior to and separate from the wall.