Multi-layered substrates for waveguide displays
A waveguide includes an input area, a multi-layered substrate, and an output area. The multi-layered substrate includes a plurality of layers of at least a substrate and at least one partially reflective layers. The input area in-couples light in a first band into the waveguide. The one or more partially reflective layers are partially reflective to light in the first band. Each of the one or more partially reflective layers are located between respective layers of the plurality of layers of the substrate. The output area out-couples light from the waveguide. The pupil replication density of the out-coupled light is based in part on a number of the one or more partially reflective layers and respective locations of the one or more partially reflective layers in the waveguide.
1. A multi-layered substrate formed by:
depositing at least one of a first film on a first surface of a first wafer and a second film on a second surface of a second wafer, the first wafer comprising a third surface opposite to the first surface, the second wafer comprising a fourth surface opposite to the second surface;
performing a polishing of the first film and a polishing of the second film deposited on the first surface and the second surface;
performing a bonding of the polished first film on the first surface and the polished second film on the second surface, the bonding forming a partially reflective layer that spans an entire length of the multi-layered substrate, wherein the polished first film and the polished second film have respective indices of refraction that are both isotropic;
performing a grinding and polishing of the third surface of the first wafer, the grinding and polishing of the third surface creating a first layer of a first thickness; and
performing a grinding and polishing of the fourth surface of the second wafer, the grinding and polishing of the fourth surface creating a second layer of a second thickness, each of the first layer, the partially reflective layer, and the second layer forming a portion of the multi-layered substrate,
wherein the multi-layered substrate is part of an optical waveguide, and light coupled into the optical waveguide is partially reflected and partially transmitted by the partially reflective layer such that portions of the light propagate along a length of the partially reflective layer in the first layer, the second layer, and a combination of the first layer and the second layer that spans an entire length of the optical waveguide.
2. The multi-layered substrate of claim 1 , wherein each of the first thickness of the first layer and the second thickness of the second layer determine a pupil replication density of light out-coupled by the optical waveguide.
3. The multi-layered substrate of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing a bonding of the first film on the first surface and the second film on the second surface using a gluing agent, the bonding forming the partially reflective layer.
4. The multi-layered substrate of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing a bonding of the first film on the first surface using a gluing agent configured to partially reflect a portion of an incident light, the bonding forming the partially reflective layer.
5. The multi-layered substrate of claim 1 , wherein each of the first film and the second film is composed of one or more thin films configured to partially reflect a portion of light incident on the one or more thin films.
6. The multi-layered substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness of the first layer is greater than the second thickness of the second layer.