Systems for biological sample processing and analysis

1. A system for analyzing a biological analyte, comprising:

a substrate comprising a first location and a second location, wherein said substrate comprises an array having immobilized thereto said biological analyte at said second location of said substrate, wherein said substrate is configured to rotate with respect to a central axis;

a fluid flow unit comprising a fluid channel configured to dispense a solution comprising a plurality of probes to said array at said first location of said substrate such that, during rotation of said substrate, said solution is directed centrifugally along a direction away from said central axis from said first location to and in contact with said biological analyte at said second location of said substrate under conditions sufficient to couple at least one probe of said plurality of probes to said biological analyte, wherein said first location is radially closer to said central axis than said second location;

a rotational unit operatively coupled to said substrate, wherein said rotational unit is configured to subject said substrate to rotation;

a detector in optical communication with said array, wherein said detector is configured to detect one or more signals from said at least one probe coupled to said biological analyte; and

one or more computer processors operatively coupled to said fluid flow unit, said rotational unit, and said detector, wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to (i) direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation, (ii) direct said fluid flow unit to dispense said solution through said fluid channel to said first location of said substrate such that said solution comprising said plurality of probes is directed centrifugally along a direction away from said central axis from said first location to and in contact with said biological analyte at said second location of said substrate during rotation of said substrate, and (iii) use said detector to detect said one or more signals from said at least one probe coupled to said biological analyte.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is movable along said central axis.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said fluid channel is configured to dispense said solution when said substrate is at a first location along said central axis, and wherein said detector is configured to detect said one or more signals when said substrate is at a second location along said central axis, which second location is different from said first location.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein at said first location, said substrate is rotatable at a first angular velocity and, at said second location, said substrate is rotatable at a second angular velocity that is different than said first angular velocity.

5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an additional fluid channel configured to dispense an additional solution to said array, wherein said fluid channel and said additional fluid channel are fluidically isolated upstream from one another upstream of outlet ports of said fluid channel and said additional fluid channel.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an optical imaging objective configured to be at least partially immersed in a fluid in contact with said substrate, which optical imaging objective is in optical communication with said detector.

7. The system of claim 6 , further comprising a container encircling said optical imaging objective, which container is configured to retain at least a portion of said fluid.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein said fluid channel does not contact said substrate.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein said array is a substantially planar array.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said fluid flow unit to dispense said solution through said fluid channel to said array prior to rotation of said substrate.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said fluid flow unit to dispense said solution through said fluid channel to said array when said substrate is undergoing rotation.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein said detector is configured to detect said one or more signals during rotation of said substrate.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein said detector is configured to continuously scan said array along a nonlinear path during rotation of said substrate.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein said detector is configured to detect said one or more signals when said substrate is not rotating.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein said detector is an optical detector and wherein said one or more signals are one or more optical signals.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein said array comprises a plurality of individually addressable locations.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein said plurality of individually addressable locations are individually physically accessible.

18. The system of claim 1 , wherein said substrate is textured or patterned.

19. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a container comprising said substrate.

20. The system of claim 19 , further comprising an environmental unit that is configured to regulate a temperature or a humidity of an environment of said container.

21. The system of claim 1 , wherein said detector comprises a time delay and integration (TDI) sensor or a pseudo-TDI rapid frame rate sensor.

22. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an additional detector in optical communication with said array, wherein said detector and said additional detector are configured to scan said array along different paths.

23. The system of claim 22 , wherein said different paths are non-linear.

24. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more optics between, and in optical communication with, said array and said detector, wherein said one or more optics are configured to provide an optical magnification gradient across said array.

25. The system of claim 24 , wherein said optical magnification gradient is anamorphic.

26. A system for analyzing a biological analyte, comprising:

a substrate comprising a substantially planar array having a first location and a second location, said substantially planar array having immobilized thereto said biological analyte at said second location of said substantially planar array, wherein said substrate is configured to rotate with respect to a central axis;

a fluid flow unit comprising a fluid channel configured to dispense a solution comprising a plurality of probes to said substantially planar array at said first location of said substantially planar array such that, during rotation of said substrate, said solution is directed across said substantially planar array from said first location to and in contact with said biological analyte at said second location of said substantially planar array under conditions sufficient to couple at least one probe of said plurality of probes to said biological analyte, wherein said first location is radially closer to said central axis than said second location;

a rotational unit operatively coupled to said substrate, wherein said rotational unit is configured to subject said substrate to rotation;

a detector in optical communication with said substantially planar array, wherein said detector is configured to detect one or more signals from said at least one probe coupled to said biological analyte; and

one or more computer processors operatively coupled to said fluid flow unit, said rotational unit, and said detector, wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to (i) direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation, (ii) direct said fluid flow unit to dispense said solution through said fluid channel to said first location of said substantially planar array such that said solution comprising said plurality of probes is directed across said substantially planar array from said first location to and in contact with said biological analyte at said second location of said substantially planar array during rotation of said substrate, and (iii) use said detector to detect said one or more signals from said at least one probe coupled to said biological analyte.

27. The system of claim 26 , further comprising an optical imaging objective configured to be at least partially immersed in a fluid in contact with said substrate, which optical imaging objective is in optical communication with said detector.

28. The system of claim 26 , wherein said detector comprises a time delay and integration (TDI) sensor or a pseudo-TDI rapid frame rate sensor.

29. The system of claim 26 , wherein said detector is configured to detect said one or more signals during rotation of said substrate.

30. The system of claim 29 , wherein said detector is configured to continuously scan said array along a nonlinear path during rotation of said substrate.

31. The system of claim 1 , wherein said biological analyte is immobilized to said array through one or more binders.

32. The system of claim 1 , wherein said array comprises at least 100,000 binders, wherein a binder of said at least 100,000 binders immobilizes said biological analyte to said array.

33. The system of claim 1 , wherein said biological analyte is coupled to a bead, which bead is immobilized to said array.

34. The system of claim 1 , wherein said biological analyte is a nucleic acid molecule.

35. The system of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of probes comprise a plurality of oligonucleotide molecules.

36. The system of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of probes comprise a plurality of nucleotides or analogs thereof.

37. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation at least at two different angular velocities.

38. The system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation at a first angular velocity during dispensing of said solution and at a second angular velocity during detection of said one or more signals, wherein said first angular velocity and said second angular velocity are different.

39. The system of claim 38 , wherein said first angular velocity is greater than said second angular velocity.

40. The system of claim 38 , wherein said first angular velocity and said second angular velocity are the same.

41. The system of claim 26 , wherein said biological analyte is immobilized to said substantially planar array through one or more binders.

42. The system of claim 26 , wherein said substantially planar array comprises at least 100,000 binders, wherein a binder of said at least 100,000 binders immobilizes said biological analyte to said substantially planar array.

43. The system of claim 26 , wherein said biological analyte is coupled to a bead, which bead is immobilized to said substantially planar array.

44. The system of claim 26 , wherein said biological analyte is a nucleic acid molecule.

45. The system of claim 26 , wherein said plurality of probes comprise a plurality of oligonucleotide molecules.

46. The system of claim 26 , wherein said plurality of probes comprise a plurality of nucleotides or analogs thereof.

47. The system of claim 26 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation at least at two different angular velocities.

48. The system of claim 26 , wherein said one or more computer processors are individually or collectively programmed to direct said rotational unit to subject said substrate to rotation at a first angular velocity during dispensing of said solution and at a second angular velocity during detection of said one or more signals, wherein said first angular velocity and said second angular velocity are different.

49. The system of claim 48 , wherein said first angular velocity is greater than said second angular velocity.

50. The system of claim 48 , wherein said first angular velocity and said second angular velocity are the same.