Process of separating components of a fermentation broth
A process of isolating 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth includes separating a liquid fraction enriched in 1,4-BDO from a solid fraction comprising cells, removing water from said liquid fraction, removing salts from said liquid fraction, and purifying 1,4-BDO. A process for producing 1,4-BDO includes culturing a 1,4-BDO-producing microorganism in a fermentor for a sufficient period of time to produce 1,4-BDO. The 1,4-BDO-producing microorganism includes a microorganism having a 1,4-BDO pathway having one or more exogenous genes encoding a 1,4-BDO pathway enzyme and/or one or more gene disruptions. The process for producing 1,4-BDO further includes isolating 1,4-BDO.
1. A process of isolating 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth, the process consisting of:
separating a liquid fraction enriched in 1,4-BDO from a solid fraction of the fermentation broth comprising cells in a separation step consisting of filtration, wherein the filtration consists of ultrafiltration, and wherein the fermentation broth comprises 1,4-BDO at a concentration of about 5%-15% by weight of 1,4-BDO;
removing salts from the liquid fraction, wherein removing the salts comprises nanofiltration followed by ion exchange;
removing water from said liquid fraction, and
purifying 1,4-BDO from the liquid fraction by distillation after removing salts and water; to produce a 1,4-BDO product at least 98% pure.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein ultrafiltration comprises filtering through a membrane having a pore size from about 0.005 to about 0.1 microns.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein removing water is accomplished by evaporation with an evaporator system comprising one or more effects.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein said evaporator system comprises a double- or triple-effect evaporator.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein said evaporator system further comprises a thermal recompressor.
6. The process of claim 3 , wherein said evaporator system further comprises a mechanical recompressor.
7. The process of claim 3 , wherein said evaporator system comprises an evaporator selected from the group consisting of a falling film evaporator, a short path falling film evaporator, a forced circulation evaporator, a plate evaporator, a circulation evaporator, a fluidized bed evaporator, a rising film evaporator, a counterflow-trickle evaporator, a stirrer evaporator, and a spiral tube evaporator.
8. The process of claim 3 , wherein said evaporator system comprises a vacuum.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the salts are removed prior to removal of water.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein nanofiltration comprises filtering through a membrane having a pore size range from about 0.0005 to about 0.005 microns.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the salts are removed after removal of water.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the salts are partially removed, followed by removal of substantially all of the water, and then remaining salts are removed.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein removing salts further comprises crystallizing salts.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein removing salts further comprises precipitating salts by water removal.