Multi-electrode molecular sensing devices and methods of making the same
A molecular sensor includes a substrate defining a substrate plane, and a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane. The molecular sensor further includes a plurality of inner dielectric sheets between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs, and an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.
1. A structure usable in a molecular sensor device, comprising:
a substrate defining a substrate plane;
a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane;
an inner dielectric sheet between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets, wherein each inner dielectric sheet comprises a groove on an exposed end portion of the inner dielectric sheet; and
an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets,
wherein each electrode sheet is at least 1,000 μm tall,
wherein an aspect ratio of height to thickness of each electrode sheet is at least 10,000,
wherein each inner dielectric sheet has a first thickness, and wherein each outer dielectric sheet has a second thickness at least one order of magnitude greater than the first thickness.
2. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric cover layer covering an end portion of the plurality of pairs opposite the substrate, the dielectric cover layer defining a gap exposing a portion of the plurality of pairs.
3. The structure of claim 2 , wherein the gap defined by the dielectric cover layer is between approximately 2 to 40 nanometers wide.
4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein an exposed edge of each electrode sheet in the plurality of pairs opposite the substrate has been roughened.
5. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of lead conductors, each lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors extending from an electrode sheet of the plurality of pairs; and
a plurality of contacts, each contact of the plurality of contacts in electrical communication with a lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors; and
wherein each lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors diverges in width from an edge of the electrode sheet to the contact.
6. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising a gate electrode parallel to the substrate plane and perpendicular to an electrode plane defined by an electrode sheet in the plurality of pairs.
7. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of channels, each channel of the plurality of channels arranged to introduce a fluid to exposed portions of at least two pairs of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.
8. The structure of claim 1 wherein each electrode sheet in a pair of electrode sheets is electrically connected to a current source to form an electrical circuit, and wherein a molecular sensing device comprising said electrical circuit detects a molecule when the molecule to be detected connects to both electrode sheets of the circuit to form a bridge between the electrode sheets with current passing through the molecule, said molecule comprising at least one of a DNA molecule, an antibody molecule, and a protein molecule.
9. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is at most 50 nanometers and the second thickness is at least 0.5 micrometers.
10. The structure of claim 9 , further comprising a dielectric cover layer covering an end portion of the plurality of pairs opposite the substrate, the dielectric cover layer defining a gap exposing a portion of the plurality of pairs.
11. The structure of claim 10 , wherein the gap defined by the dielectric cover layer is between approximately 2 to 40 nanometers wide.
12. The structure of claim 9 , wherein an exposed edge of each electrode sheet in the plurality of pairs opposite the substrate has been roughened.
13. The structure of claim 9 , further comprising:
a plurality of lead conductors, each lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors extending from an electrode sheet of the plurality of pairs; and
a plurality of contacts, each contact of the plurality of contacts in electrical communication with a lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors; and
wherein each lead conductor of the plurality of lead conductors diverges in width from an edge of the electrode sheet to the contact.
14. The structure of claim 9 , further comprising a gate electrode parallel to the substrate plane and perpendicular to an electrode plane defined by an electrode sheet in the plurality of pairs.
15. The structure of claim 9 , further comprising a plurality of channels, each channel of the plurality of channels arranged to introduce a fluid to exposed portions of at least two pairs of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.
16. The structure of claim 9 , wherein each electrode sheet in a pair of electrode sheets is electrically connected to a current source to form an electrical circuit, and wherein a molecular sensing device comprising said electrical circuit detects a molecule when the molecule to be detected connects to both electrode sheets of the circuit to form a bridge between the electrode sheets with current passing through the molecule, said molecule comprising at least one of a DNA molecule, an antibody molecule, and a protein molecule.
17. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is between 1 and 40 nanometers, and the second thickness is between 50 and 2,000 nanometers.
18. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising an adhesion enhancing layer between each inner dielectric sheet and electrode, wherein each adhesion enhancing layer is between 1 and 5 nanometers thick, and wherein each adhesion enhancing layer comprises one of: Ti, Cr, Al, Zr, Mo, Nb, Ta, or Hf.