External trigeminal nerve stimulation for the acute non-invasive treatment of migraine attacks
A system and method for the acute non-invasive treatment of a migraine attack. The system includes at least one skin electrode for placement on the forehead of a patient, and is configured to provide consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the at least one skin electrode to the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve during a prolonged time span which may be for at least 10 minutes.
1. A system for the acute non-invasive treatment of a migraine attack of a patient, comprising:
at least one skin electrode configured for placement on the forehead of the patient, the skin electrode being configured to provide consecutive biphasic electrical pulses for a time span;
wherein the system is configured to linearly increase the amplitude of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses during a first portion of the time span up to a preconfigured upper amplitude, and the upper amplitude is maintained during a second subsequent portion of the time span.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the biphasic electrical pulses are rectangular biphasic symmetrical pulses with a zero electrical mean.
3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the time span is at least 10 minutes.
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to provide the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of at least 10 Hz and at most 300 Hz.
5. The system according claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to provide the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of at least 150 Hz and at most 500 Hz.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses comprises a width of at least 30 μs and at most 1000 μs.
7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a patient-pushable button and the system is configured upon pushing of the button during the time span to maintain the provided biphasic pulse amplitude at or prior to the time of the pushing of said button throughout the reminder of the time span.
8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 1 mA and at most 50 mA.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the time span is at least 1 minute and at most 30 minutes.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the linear amplitude increase during the first portion of the time span comprises a slope of at least 1.6 μA/s and at most 833 μA/s.
11. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one skin electrode comprises a bipolar self-adhesive electrode.
12. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one skin electrode is configured to stimulate the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve of the patient, and the system is configured to transcutaneously transmit consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the at least one skin electrode to the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve of the patient for a time span.
13. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the time span is at least 25 minutes.
14. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a power-providing device configured for placing at least one battery, the power-providing device further comprises two metallic contacts that can be positioned in electrical contact with the at least one skin electrode, and the device and the at least one skin electrode are configured for stable placement of the device in contact with the at least one skin electrode such that the system is portable.
15. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the time span is at least 10 minutes, the at least one skin electrode is configured to provide the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses at a frequency of at least 60 hertz and at most 300 hertz, each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses has a width of at least 30 microseconds and at most 1000 microseconds, and the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 1 milliampere and at most 50 milliampere.
16. A method for the acute non-invasive treatment of a migraine attack of a patient, the patient comprising a forehead, a supratrochlear nerve, and a supraorbital nerve, comprising:
placing at least one skin electrode on the forehead of the patient; and
providing consecutive biphasic electrical pulses via the skin electrode to the supratrochlear and the supraorbital nerves for a time span, the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses having an amplitude that increases linearly over a first portion of the time span up to an upper amplitude, and the upper amplitude being maintained during a second subsequent portion of the time span.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the biphasic electrical pulses are rectangular biphasic symmetrical pulses with a zero electrical mean.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the time span is at least 25 minutes.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses are provided at a frequency of about 100 Hz or about 300 Hz.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses comprising a width of about 250 μs.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the upper amplitude is one of a predefined upper amplitude of about 16 mA or a patient-determined upper amplitude of at most 16 mA.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses have a frequency of at least 60 hertz and at most 300 hertz, each of the consecutive biphasic electrical pulses has a width of at least 30 microseconds and at most 1000 microseconds, the time span is at least 10 minutes, and the preconfigured upper amplitude is at least 1 milliampere and at most 50 milliampere.