Quick battery charging with protection based on regulation relative state of charge
Techniques are described for quick charging of batteries. For example, a battery charging system can include a battery charger integrated circuit (IC) and a fuel gauge IC coupled between a battery and a central processor to execute a stored multi-phase battery charging protocol. Executing the protocol can include charging the battery in a constant current regulation phase by applying a constant charge current until a charge voltage (e.g., measured by the battery charger IC) reaches a defined regulation voltage that is higher than the nominal voltage of the battery plus the voltage drop across series components of the battery. Protection of the battery during such charging includes monitoring a present relative state of charge (RSOC) of the battery (e.g., by the fuel gauge IC) to detect when the present RSOC reaches a defined regulation RSOC level that may be substantially 100 percent of the charge capacity of the battery.
1. A system for quick battery charging, the system comprising:
a battery charger integrated circuit (IC) to couple with a charging interface of a battery to deliver charging to the battery;
a non-transient memory having a battery charging protocol stored thereon that defines a regulation current level, a regulation voltage level, and a regulation relative state of charge (RSOC) level,
wherein the battery charging protocol comprises a plurality of phases including a constant current regulation phase and a charge termination phase; and
a central processor, coupled with the battery charger IC and a fuel gauge IC, to execute at least a portion of the battery charging protocol by:
receiving a monitor signal indicating a present RSOC of the battery;
detecting, responsive to the monitor signal, whether the present RSOC is at the regulation RSOC level;
directing the battery charger IC to charge the battery according to at least the constant current regulation phase while the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting; and
directing the battery charger IC to proceed to the charge termination phase in response to the present RSOC being at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the battery is a rechargeable battery associated with an installed target voltage corresponding to a nominal voltage of the battery plus a voltage drop across components in series with the battery; and
the constant current regulation phase directs delivering of a constant charge current to the battery substantially at the regulation current level until a measured present charge voltage of the battery reaches the regulation voltage level, the regulation voltage level being higher than the installed target voltage.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of phases of the battery charging protocol further comprises a voltage regulation phase that directs delivering of a constant charge voltage to the battery substantially at the regulation voltage level until the present RSOC of the battery is at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting;
the central processor executes at least the portion of the battery charging protocol further by:
receiving a measurement signal indicating a present charge voltage of the battery;
determining, responsive to the measurement signal, whether the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level; and
directing the battery charger IC to cease charging the battery according to the constant current regulation phase and to begin charging the battery according to the constant voltage regulation phase in response to determining that the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level and the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein:
the battery charger IC measures the present charge voltage of the battery and generates the measurement signal; and
the central processor receives the measurement signal from the battery charger IC.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
the fuel gauge IC to monitor the present RSOC of the battery and generate the monitor signal,
wherein the central processor receives the monitor signal from the fuel gauge IC.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein:
the fuel gauge IC monitors the present RSOC of the battery according to a multidimensional determination that is a function of at least one measured electrical parameter of the battery and at least one non-electrical parameter of the battery.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein:
at least one of the battery charger IC or the fuel gauge IC is integrated with the central processor.
8. The system of claim 5 , further comprising:
the battery,
wherein at least one of the battery charger IC or the fuel gauge IC is integrated with the central processor.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-transient memory is integrated with the central processor.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of phases of the battery charging protocol further comprises a pre-charge current regulation phase.
11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the battery.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery.
13. A method for quick battery charging, the method comprising:
executing at least a portion of a battery charging protocol that defines a regulation current level, a regulation voltage level, and a regulation relative state of charge (RSOC) level, the battery charging protocol comprising a plurality of phases including a constant current regulation phase and a charge termination phase, such that the executing comprises:
receiving a monitor signal indicating a present RSOC of a battery;
detecting, responsive to the monitor signal, whether the present RSOC is at the regulation RSOC level;
directing charging of the battery according to at least the constant current regulation phase while the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting; and
directing termination of the charging of the battery according to the charge termination phase in response to the present RSOC being at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the battery is a rechargeable battery associated with an installed target voltage corresponding to a nominal voltage of the battery plus a voltage drop across components in series with the battery; and
the constant current regulation phase directs delivering of a constant charge current to the battery substantially at the regulation current level until a measured present charge voltage of the battery reaches the regulation voltage level, the regulation voltage level being higher than the installed target voltage.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the plurality of phases of the battery charging protocol further comprises a voltage regulation phase that directs delivering of a constant charge voltage to the battery substantially at the regulation voltage level until the present RSOC of the battery is at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting; and
the executing further comprises:
receiving a measurement signal indicating a present charge voltage of the battery;
determining, responsive to the measurement signal, whether the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level; and
directing ceasing of charging the battery according to the constant current regulation phase and beginning of charging the battery according to the constant voltage regulation phase in response to determining that the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level and the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of phases of the battery charging protocol further comprises a pre-charge current regulation phase.
17. A non-transitory processor-readable medium comprising processor-readable instructions that cause a set of processors of a battery charging system to execute at least a portion of a battery charging protocol that defines a regulation current level, a regulation voltage level, and a regulation relative state of charge (RSOC) level, the battery charging protocol comprising a plurality of phases including a constant current regulation phase and a charge termination phase, such that executing the at least a portion of a battery charging protocol comprises:
receiving a monitor signal indicating a present RSOC of a battery;
detecting, responsive to the monitor signal, whether the present RSOC is at the regulation RSOC level;
directing charging of the battery according to at least the constant current regulation phase while the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting; and
directing termination of the charging of the battery according to the charge termination phase in response to the present RSOC being at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting.
18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein:
the battery is a rechargeable battery associated with an installed target voltage corresponding to a nominal voltage of the battery plus a voltage drop across components in series with the battery; and
the constant current regulation phase directs delivering of a constant charge current to the battery substantially at the regulation current level until a measured present charge voltage of the battery reaches the regulation voltage level, the regulation voltage level being higher than the installed target voltage.
19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein:
the plurality of phases of the battery charging protocol further comprises a voltage regulation phase that directs delivering of a constant charge voltage to the battery substantially at the regulation voltage level until the present RSOC of the battery is at the regulation RSOC level according to the detecting; and
the executing the at least a portion of a battery charging protocol further comprises:
receiving a measurement signal indicating a present charge voltage of the battery;
determining, responsive to the measurement signal, whether the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level; and
directing ceasing of charging the battery according to the constant current regulation phase and beginning of charging the battery according to the constant voltage regulation phase in response to determining that the present charge voltage is at the regulation voltage level and the present RSOC is not at the regulation RSOC level.
20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the set of processors comprises a central processor, a battery charger integrated circuit, and a fuel gauge integrated circuit.