More potent and less toxic formulations of epinephrine and methods of medical use

1. A method of treating a cardiac arrhythmia in a patient having or recovering from invasive orthopedic or gynecological procedures, surgery, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:

injecting said patient with an at least 1 microgram per mL solution of l-epinephrine in saline into a subarachnoid space, epidural space, or a combination thereof to prolong anesthesia; and

then administering a continuous intravenous infusion of l-epinephrine via an at least one intravenous fluid bag with either or both of an at least one intravenous line and an at least one intravenous catheter,

wherein at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine is injected into each said at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof, thereby diluting the formulation of 1-epinephrine to a concentration of about 1 microgram per mL during said continuous intravenous infusion of 1-epinephrine, said at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine including a tonicity agent and having no more than 12.5% total impurities or no more than 12% d-epinephrine, and

wherein said at least one intravenous fluid bag comprises, prior to injection of the at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine, up to about 1,000 mL of a dextrose-containing solution, a saline-containing solution, or a combination thereof.

2. A method of treating hypotension in a patient having or recovering from invasive orthopedic or gynecological procedures, surgery, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:

injecting an at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine into an at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof, said at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine including a tonicity agent and having no more than 12.5% total impurities or no more than 12% d-epinephrine;

injecting said patient with an at least 1 microgram per mL of 1-epinephrine in anesthetic solution into a subarachnoid space to treat or prevent pain; and

administering a continuous intravenous infusion of l-epinephrine via the at least one injected intravenous fluid bag with an at least one intravenous line, an at least one intravenous catheter, or a combination thereof,

wherein said at least one intravenous fluid bag comprises, prior to injection of the at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine, up to about 1,000 mL of a dextrose-containing solution, a saline-containing solution, or a combination thereof, and

wherein said 1-epinephrine is diluted to a concentration of about 1 microgram per mL in each said at least one said intravenous fluid bag during said continuous intravenous infusion of 1-epinephrine.

3. A method of treating a cardiac arrhythmia or hypotension in a patient having or recovering from invasive orthopedic or gynecological procedures, surgery, or a combination thereof, said method comprising:

replacing general anesthesia with regional anesthesia;

injecting said patient with an at least 1 microgram per mL of 1-epinephrine in anesthetic solution into a subarachnoid space, epidural space, or a combination thereof to treat pain, wherein said at least 1 microgram per mL of 1-epinephrine in anesthetic solution is prepared, just prior to said injecting into said subarachnoid space, epidural space, or a combination thereof, by mixing at least some of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine including a tonicity agent and having no more than 12.5% total impurities or no more than 12% d-epinephrine with at least some of an anesthetic solution;

injecting an at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine into an at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof, said at least one syringe of a 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine including a tonicity agent and having no more than 12.5% total impurities or no more than 12% d-epinephrine, and said at least one intravenous fluid bag comprising, prior to injecting the at least one syringe of the 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine, up to about 1,000 mL of a dextrose-containing solution, a saline-containing solution, or a combination thereof;

providing said patient with a continuous intravenous infusion of said at least one intravenous fluid bag into which said 1 mg injectable liquid pharmaceutical formulation of 1-epinephrine has been injected, wherein said 1-epinephrine is diluted to a concentration of about 1 microgram per mL in each said at least one said intravenous fluid bag during said continuous intravenous infusion.

4. The method of claim 1 , comprising protecting said at least one intravenous fluid bag from light or UV-radiation after injecting said syringe into said at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof to reduce 1-epinephrine degradation and impurities from forming.

5. The method of claim 2 , comprising protecting said at least one intravenous fluid bag from light or UV-radiation after injecting said syringe into said at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof to reduce 1-epinephrine degradation and impurities from forming.

6. The method of claim 3 , comprising protecting said at least one said intravenous fluid bag from light or UV-radiation after injecting said syringe into said at least one intravenous fluid bag or medication port thereof to reduce 1-epinephrine degradation and impurities from forming.

7. The method of claim 3 , wherein said continuous intravenous infusion of 1-epinephrine has a ratio of 1-epinephrine:d-epinephrine greater than 4:1.