System and methods for detecting and characterizing electromagnetic emissions
A system and method for detecting and identifying emitted electromagnetic signals, comprising wideband radio frequency sensors, at least one wide band radio frequency receiving antenna and accompanying electronics, a platform for hosting multiple antennas and sensor mounts, and processing algorithms for detection and identification of electromagnetic (EM) signals. Various algorithms and implementations are employed to detect and identify, over a wide frequency range, narrow or wide bandwidth EM signals having low signal levels, time-varying, and/or time-intermittent characteristics.
1. A system for detecting and characterizing electromagnetic emissions, comprising:
a plurality of antennas each configured to receive a radio frequency emission, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas is capable of receiving radio signals over a wide frequency range;
a radio sensor configured to filter the received radio frequency emission to at least mitigate aliasing in a frequency band of interest within the received radio frequency emission;
an analog to digital conversion unit configured to convert the filtered radio frequency emission to a time-domain digital dataset; and
a signal analyzer comprising a processor, a memory, and a plurality of programming instructions stored in the memory and operating on the processor, wherein the plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the processor to:
transform the time-domain digital dataset into a frequency-domain dataset;
perform a plurality of measurement-combining operations on at least a portion of the frequency-domain data including at least calculating a parameter per frequency bin and accumulating the calculated parameters per bin; and
generate a signal-usage dataset by at least analyzing the digital dataset for a plurality of signal usage patterns based at least in part by analysis of the accumulated bin parameters.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the filtered received radio transmission is amplified by the radio sensor.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the radio sensor performs frequency translation on at least a portion of the filtered received radio transmission.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the signal analyzer determines a noise threshold based at least in part on at least one of the plurality of antennas.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the signal usage patterns comprise low signal-to-noise ratio signals.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the signal usage patterns comprise a signal noise floor.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the radio sensor further comprises a modular back-end interface configured for use in any of a variety of platforms drawn from the set of satellites, spacecraft, aircraft, land vehicles, and stationary land mounts.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the radio sensor further comprises a local oscillator that mixes a transmitted signal with incoming signals to expand the frequency range detection capability.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of antennas comprises multiple wide or narrow band antennas in a variety of configurations capable of locating electromagnetic signal sources and densities and measuring emissions across an indeterminate land area dependent on the scale of the implementation of the system.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the radio sensor notifies a local or remote radio transmitter that it should start or stop transmitting on a plurality of specific frequencies, frequency ranges or time windows, periodic time window or aperiodic time assignments within a frequency or frequency range.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the radio sensor is a software-defined radio.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system operates on a satellite in orbit above the Earth.