Graphene foam-based sealing materials
Provided is a graphene foam-based sealing material comprising: (a) a graphene foam framework comprising pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material that coats and embraces the exterior surfaces of the graphene foam framework and/or infiltrates into pores of the graphene foam, occupying from 10% to 100% (preferably from 10% to 98% and more preferably from 20% to 90%) of the pore volume of the graphene foam framework.
1. A graphene foam-based sealing material comprising:
(a) a graphene foam framework comprising pores and pore walls, wherein the pore walls comprise a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets, wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm and a content of non-carbon elements less than 2% by weight; and
(b) a permeation-resistant binder or matrix material that continuously coats and embraces the exterior surfaces of the graphene foam framework and infiltrates into pores of the graphene foam, wherein said binder or matrix material contains a polymer selected from a rubber, wherein said rubber is selected from the group consisting of butyl rubber (IER), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECH, ECO), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), perfluoroelastomer (FFKM), polyacrylate rubber (ACM), polychloroprene (neoprene) (CR), polysulfide rubber (PSR), sanifluor (FEPM), thermoplastic ether ester elastomers (TEEEs) copolyesters, melt processible rubber (MPR), thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), and a combination thereof,
wherein said binder or matrix material occupies only a peripheral portion of the graphene foam framework, leaving a portion other than the peripheral portion of the graphene foam free from said binder or matrix material.
2. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said permeation-resistant binder or matrix material occupies from 10% to 98% of the pore volume of said graphene foam framework and a core portion of 2% to 90% of said graphene foam is free from said binder or matrix material.
3. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene sheets are selected from a group consisting of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, and a combination thereof.
4. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said solid graphene foam framework, when measured without said binder or matrix material, has a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cm 3 or a specific surface area from 50 to 2,600 m 2 /g.
5. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said binder or matrix material occupies from 10% to 98% of a pore volume of said graphene foam framework.
6. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene-based sealing material is an O-ring.
7. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 3 , wherein said graphene foam framework has a density from 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
8. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam framework has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 1%, and the pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing from 0.3354 nm to less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity.
9. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam framework has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.01% and the pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing from 0.3354 nm to less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity.
10. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam framework has an oxygen content or non-carbon content less than 0.001% and the pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing from 0.3354 nm to less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity.
11. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam framework has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing from 0.3354 nm to less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity.
12. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing from 0.3354 nm to less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0.
13. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein the graphene foam framework exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 80% and/or a mosaic spread value less than 0.4.
14. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein the graphene foam framework exhibits a degree of graphitization no less than 90%.
15. The graphene foam-based sealing material of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam framework contains pores having a pore size from 2 nm to 100 μm.