Homopolymer encoded nucleic acid memory
Nucleic acid memory strands encoding digital data using a sequence of homopolymer tracts of repeated nucleotides provides a cheaper and faster alternative to conventional digital DNA storage techniques. The use of homopolymer tracts allows for lower fidelity, high throughput sequencing techniques such as nanopore sequencing to read data encoded in the memory strands. Specialized synthesis techniques allow for synthesis of long memory strands capable of encoding large volumes of data despite the reduced data density afforded by homopolymer tracts as compared to conventional single nucleotide sequences.
1. A method of reading data from a nucleic acid memory strand, the method comprising:
sequencing a nucleic acid memory strand comprising a plurality of homopolymer tracts or heteropolymer tracts, the heteropolymer tracts comprising two or more different nucleotides or nucleotide analogs;
converting the nucleic acid memory strand sequence into digitized data, wherein each of the plurality of homopolymer or heteropolymer tracts represents a bit corresponding to a unit of data,
wherein the homopolymer tracts are converted to bits by identifying transitions between homopolymer tracts, and
wherein the heteropolymer tracts are converted to bits based on a ratio of the two or more different nucleotides or nucleotide analogs to each other within each heteropolymer tract; and
converting the digitized piece of data to a readable format.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising displaying the readable format.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of homopolymer tracts comprises between about 2 and about 10 nucleotide repeats.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit of data is represented in base 2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit of data is represented in base 3.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit of data is represented in base 4.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid memory strand is between at least about 200 nucleotides and about 5,000 nucleotides in length.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid memory strand comprises covalently bound chemical protecting groups that prevent conversion of the nucleic acid memory strand into the dataset, the method further comprising removing one or more of the chemical protecting groups before sequencing the nucleic acid memory strand.