Emission treatment catalysts, systems and methods
Zoned diesel oxidation catalysts containing a higher precious metal loading in the inlet zone that the outlet zone and an equal or shorter length inlet zone are described. Emission treatment systems and methods of remediating nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons using zoned diesel oxidation catalysts are also described.
1. A system for treating an exhaust stream comprising NOx from an engine, the system comprising:
a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising an inlet zone with an axial length and an outlet zone with an axial length, the inlet zone comprising at least one of platinum and palladium in a first loading, the outlet zone comprising palladium in a second loading, the outlet zone comprising less than 0.1 wt. % platinum, the first loading being greater than the second loading, and the axial length of the inlet zone being less than or equal to the axial length of the outlet zone;
a catalyzed soot filter disposed downstream from the diesel oxidation catalyst, the catalyzed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst composition on the filter; and
a NOx reducing catalyst located downstream from the catalyzed soot filter;
wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst is configured such that an amount of NO 2 entering the diesel oxidation catalyst is substantially the same as an amount of NO 2 exiting the diesel oxidation catalyst with no more than a 25 ppm increase in the NO 2 concentration; and
wherein the oxidation catalyst composition with platinum group metals loading on the filter is configured to produce NO 2 to optimize a ratio of NO to NO 2 exiting the filter.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation catalyst composition comprises a higher loading of platinum group metals than present on the diesel oxidation catalyst.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation catalyst composition comprises a higher loading of platinum than present on the diesel oxidation catalyst.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first loading is greater than 30 g/ft 3 .
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the inlet zone and the outlet zone further comprises a base metal oxide.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet zone comprises platinum and palladium in a ratio of at least 2:1 and the outlet zone comprises substantially only palladium.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet zone has a platinum to palladium ratio equal to or greater than about 10:1.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet zone comprises platinum and palladium in a ratio of 10:1 with a loading of 80 g/ft 3 and the outlet zone comprises substantially only palladium with a loading of 5 g/ft 3 .
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the inlet zone and the outlet zone further comprises rhodium.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the inlet zone and the outlet zone further comprises ceria.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet zone and the outlet zone comprise substantially only palladium.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst is disposed on a flow-through substrate.
13. A system for treating an exhaust stream comprising NOx from an engine, the system comprising:
a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising at least one of platinum and palladium;
a catalyzed soot filter disposed downstream from the diesel oxidation catalyst, the catalyzed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst composition on the filter, and
a NOx reducing catalyst located downstream from the catalyzed soot filter;
wherein the oxidation catalyst composition on the filter comprises a higher loading of platinum group metals than present on the diesel oxidation catalyst and the diesel oxidation catalyst comprises palladium and a loading of less than 0.1 wt % platinum in an outlet zone;
wherein the diesel oxidation catalyst is configured such that an amount of NO 2 entering the diesel oxidation catalyst is substantially the same as an amount of NO 2 exiting the diesel oxidation catalyst with no more than a 25 ppm increase in the NO 2 concentration; and
wherein the oxidation catalyst composition with platinum group metals loading on the filter is configured to produce NO 2 to optimize a ratio of NO to NO 2 exiting the filter.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the oxidation catalyst composition comprises a higher loading of platinum than present on the diesel oxidation catalyst.
15. The emission treatment system of claim 13 , wherein the NOx reducing catalyst is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.
16. The emission treatment system of claim 13 , wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a zeolite promoted by a promoter metal selected from iron, copper, or both iron and copper.
17. The emission treatment system of claim 16 , wherein the promoter metal is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight based on total weight of promoter metal plus zeolite.
18. The emission treatment system of claim 13 , further comprising a reductant injection system between the catalyzed soot filter and the NOx reducing catalyst.
19. The emission treatment system of claim 18 , further comprising an ammonia oxidation catalyst disposed downstream from the NOx reducing catalyst.
20. The emission treatment system of claim 19 , wherein the ammonia oxidation catalyst comprises a catalyst composition comprising at least one base metal and less than 0.5 wt. % platinum.