Contact lens-based eye tracking
In one approach to eye tracking, a contact lens contains a network of twelve accelerometers. The accelerometers are positioned within the contact lens so that the measurements of acceleration can be used to estimate a position and an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame. One advantage of accelerometers is that they can be made relatively small and do not require much power. However, because the contact lens has a curved shape and is relatively thin, the possible locations for the accelerometers are limited. Various geometries for the accelerometer network and approaches to optimizing these geometries are described.
1. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye, where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as four 3-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, three of the 3-axis accelerometers are positioned at a radius r 1 from a center of the contact lens, and the fourth 3-axis accelerometer is positioned at a smaller radius r 2 <r 1 .
2. The eye tracking system of claim 1 , where the fourth 3-axis accelerometer is positioned in a center of the contact lens.
3. The eye tracking system of claim 1 , where the fourth 3-axis accelerometer is positioned at a radius r 2 >1 mm.
4. The eye tracking system of claim 3 , where one of the three 3-axis accelerometers at radius r 1 is azimuthally positioned 180 degrees away from the fourth 3-axis accelerometer at radius r 2 , and the other two of the three 3-axis accelerometers at radius r 1 are azimuthally positioned at +γ degrees and −γ degrees away from the fourth 3-axis accelerometer with γ<60 degrees.
5. The eye tracking system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
6. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye, where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as four 3-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, two of the 3-axis accelerometers are positioned at a radius r 1 from a center of the contact lens, and the other two 3-axis accelerometers are positioned at a radius r 2 <r 1 .
7. The eye tracking system of claim 6 , where the two 3-axis accelerometers at radius r 1 are azimuthally offset by 90 degrees from the two 3-axis accelerometers at radius r 2 .
8. The eye tracking system of claim 6 , where an axis between the two 3-axis accelerometers at radius r 1 is oriented vertically in relation to the user's eye.
9. The eye tracking system of claim 6 , where the contact lens is a non-circular contact lens characterized by a major axis, and two of the 3-axis accelerometers are positioned at opposite ends of the major axis.
10. The eye tracking system of claim 6 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
11. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye; where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as six 2-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, three of the 2-axis accelerometers are positioned at a radius r 1 from a center of the contact lens, and the other three 2-axis accelerometers are positioned at a radius r 2 <r 1 .
12. The eye tracking system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
13. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye; where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as six 2-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, and at least one of the 2-axis accelerometers has at least one axis oriented to measure acceleration along a direction that is not tangential to a curvature of the contact lens.
14. The eye tracking system of claim 13 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
15. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye; where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as six 2-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, the two axes in each of the 2-axis accelerometers define a plane, and no three of the defined planes are all parallel to each other.
16. The eye tracking system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
17. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye; where the twelve accelerometers are implemented as twelve 1-axis accelerometers arranged in a non-planar geometry, and not more than four of the accelerometers measure acceleration along a same direction.
18. The eye tracking system of claim 17 , further comprising:
a processor that receives the acceleration measurements and estimates an orientation of the eye relative to an external reference frame; and
where the contact lens further contains a femtoprojector that projects an image onto a retina of the eye, and the estimated orientation is used so that the projected image appears to be at a stationary location relative to an external environment.
19. An eye tracking system comprising:
a contact lens; and
twelve accelerometers contained in the contact lens, the accelerometers measuring accelerations of an eye when the contact lens is mounted on the eye; where the accelerometers consume not more than 5 μW of power at an update rate of 100 Hz.