Human plasma kallikrein inhibitors
Disclosed are compounds of formula I as described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one such compound, and methods involving use of the compounds and compositions in the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity.
1. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by formula XXVI:
wherein:
X represents CH, C(OH), —C(NH 2 ), or —C(NR a R b );
provided that:
if X represents CH, then —Y—R 4 represents —H or —OH, or both Y and R 4 are present;
if X represents C(OH), —C(NH 2 ), or —C(NR a R b ), then —Y—R 4 is present;
—Y—R 4 , when present, represents —((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —CH 2 C(O)—R 4 , —CH 2 NH—R 4 , —CH 2 N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —CR a R b —R 4 , —NH—R 4 , —NHCH 2 —R 4 , —NHC(O)—R 4 , —N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)CH 2 —R 4 , —N((CH 2 ) 2 OH)-R 4 , —N[(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl]R 4 , -heterocyclyl-R 4 , —OR 4 , —OCH 2 —R 4 , —OC(O)—R 4 , —OC(O)NR a R b , —SCH 2 R 4 , or —SR 4 , wherein the (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl moiety of —((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 is optionally substituted;
Z is absent or represents halo, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, amino, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —C(O)NH 2 , cyano, —NHC(O)(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —SO 2 (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —SO 2 NH 2 , or (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl;
R 1c represents halo, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, cyano, —SO 2 CH 3 , formyl, acyl, —NH 2 , or optionally substituted aryl;
R 2 represents halo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )fluoroalkyl, —OCH 3 , —Si(CH 3 ) 3 , —CONH 2 , —C(O)OH, cyano, or phenyl;
R 3 represents —NH—, —O—, optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, phenyl, carbocyclyl, or heterocyclyl;
R 3a is absent or represents one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, amino, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —C(O)NH 2 , cyano, —NHC(O)(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —SO 2 (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, and —SO 2 NH 2 ; and
R 4 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —CH 2 OH, —CH((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)OH, —CH(NH 2 )CH((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 2 , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —CH 2 S(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, amino, or cyano; or —CH 2 — fused to the 4-position of the ring bearing Z to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring with optional substituents; or, when R 3 is phenyl, can represent —NH— fused to the position ortho to X on that phenyl;
each R a and R b is independently H, (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, aryl(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )carbocyclyl, —C(═O)R c , —C(═O)OR c , —C(═O)NR c R d , —C(═O)SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)(OR c ), or —SO 2 NR c R d ;
each R c and R d is independently H, (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, (C 4 -C 8 ) carbocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —C(═O)(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, —S(O) n (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, or aryl(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl; or when R c and R d are bonded to a common nitrogen atom, then they may form a 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring wherein optionally a carbon atom of said heterocyclic ring may be replaced with —O—, —S— or —NR a —;
n is 2 or 3; and
the stereochemical configuration at any chiral center is R, S, or a mixture of R and S.
2. The compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:
3. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:
4. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
5. A method of treating a disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is selected from the group consisting of stroke, inflammation, reperfusion injury, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, post fibrinolytic treatment condition, angina, edema, angioedema, hereditary angioedema, sepsis, arthritis, hemorrhage, blood loss during cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic macular degeneration, age-related macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathy, neuropathy, hypertension, brain edema, increased albumin excretion, macroalbuminuria, and nephropathy.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is angioedema.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is hereditary angioedema.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X represents CH, C(OH), —C(NH 2 ), or —C(NR a R b ); and
—Y—R 4 represents —((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , -CH 2 C(O)—R 4 , —CH 2 NH—R 4 , —CH 2 N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —CR a R b —R 4 , —NH—R 4 , —NHCH 2 —R 4 , —NHC(O)—R 4 , —N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —N((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)CH 2 —R 4 , —N((CH 2 ) 2 OH)—R 4 , —N[(C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl]R 4 , -heterocyclyl-R 4 , —OR 4 , —OCH 2 —R 4 , -OC(O)—R 4 , —OC(O)NR a R b , —SCH 2 R 4 , or —SR 4 , wherein the (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl moiety of —((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 is optionally substituted.
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X represents CH or —C(NH 2 ).
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z represents halo.
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1c represents —NH 2 .
13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 represents (C 1 -C 6 )fluoroalkyl.
14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 represents optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, phenyl, or heterocyclyl.
15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3a is absent or represents cyano.
16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein —Y—R 4 represents —((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl)-R 4 , —NH—R 4 , or —NHCH 2 —R 4 .
17. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 represents optionally substituted (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl.
18. A method of treating a disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 2 .
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is selected from the group consisting of stroke, inflammation, reperfusion injury, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, post fibrinolytic treatment condition, angina, edema, angioedema, hereditary angioedema, sepsis, arthritis, hemorrhage, blood loss during cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic macular degeneration, age-related macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathy, neuropathy, hypertension, brain edema, increased albumin excretion, macroalbuminuria, and nephropathy.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is angioedema.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is hereditary angioedema.
22. A method of treating a disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 3 .
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is selected from the group consisting of stroke, inflammation, reperfusion injury, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, post fibrinolytic treatment condition, angina, edema, angioedema, hereditary angioedema, sepsis, arthritis, hemorrhage, blood loss during cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic macular degeneration, age-related macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative retinopathy, neuropathy, hypertension, brain edema, increased albumin excretion, macroalbuminuria, and nephropathy.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is angioedema.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the disease or condition characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity is hereditary angioedema.