Polymer emulsion as binder for conductive composition
Provided herein are metal conductive compositions with improved conductivity. The improved conductivity is attributable to the addition of a sintering agent and a polymer emulsion.
1. A sinterable conductive composition comprising:
a metal component having an average particle diameter of greater than about 150 nm to about 100 μm, said metal component being made from or doped with silver, aluminum, gold, germanium or oxides or alloys thereof;
a sintering agent; and
an emulsion comprising water, and at least one particulate polymer having an average particle diameter wherein a ratio of average metal component particle diameter to average particulate polymer particle diameter is between 1:1 and 10:1.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the average particle diameter of the metal component is from about 200 nm to less than about 1 μm.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the average particle diameter of the particulate polymer is from about 20 nm to about 1000 nm.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate polymer is present in the emulsion in an amount of 0.5 to 80 weight percent.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of monomers polymerized or copolymerized from at least one of styrene, butadiene, acrylic and methacrylic esters, chloroprene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, ethylene, siloxane, epoxies, and vinyl ether.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate polymer is grafted with an organohalogen residue.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate polymer is terminated with a diiodomethyl residue.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate polymer is present in the emulsion in an amount of up to about 10% by weight.
9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a surfactant.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of up to 10% by weight.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sintering agent is an acid.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sintering agent is present in an amount of about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sintering agent is selected from phosphoric acid, phosphonic acids, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen halides, and halide salts of Group I and II metals.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sintering agent is selected from hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and hydroiodic acid.
15. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an organohalogen compound.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the organohalogen compound is a liquid at room temperature.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the halogen of the organohalogen compound is iodine.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the organohalogen compound is an alkane halide.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the organohalogen compound is represented by halogenated compounds having up to twelve carbon atoms.
20. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the organohalogen compound has a boiling point of less than about 150° C.
21. The composition of claim 1 , wherein
the sintering agent is selected from phosphoric acid, phosphonic acids, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen halides, and halide salts of Group I and II metals; and
the particulate polymer is grafted with an organohalogen residue.
22. A substrate comprising a composition of claim 1 disposed thereon.
23. A sinterable conductive composition comprising:
a metal component made from or doped with silver, aluminum, gold, germanium or oxides or alloys thereof having an average particle diameter of greater than about 150 nm to about 100 μm;
a sintering agent selected from phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen halides, and halide salts of Group I and II metals; and
an emulsion comprising water, and at least one particulate polymer having an average particle diameter, wherein the particulate polymer is selected from polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene, and wherein a ratio of average metal component particle diameter to average particulate polymer particle diameter is between 1:1 and 10:1.
24. The composition of claim 23 wherein the metal component is silver, and the sintering agent is selected from phosphoric acid and potassium iodide.
25. A sinterable conductive composition comprising:
a metal component having an average particle diameter of greater than about 150 nm to about 100 μm; and
an emulsion comprising water, and at least one particulate polymer grafted with an organohalogen residue having an average particle diameter, and wherein a ratio of average metal component particle diameter to average particulate polymer particle diameter is between 1:1 and 10:1.
26. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the particulate polymer is terminated with a diiodomethyl residue.