Foam compositions
Foam compositions are provided. The compositions are prepared from multi-functional acetoacetate esters and multi-functional amines or acrylates. The foam compositions can include one or more additives. The foam compositions can be used for home and commercial insulation, air sealing, sound proofing, structural improvement, and exterior roofing, among other applications. The foam compositions provide advantages of being isocyanate free and offer reduced exposure to isocyanate.
1. A method of preparing a foam, the method comprising reacting a multi-functional acetoacetate ester with a multi-functional amine in the presence of an inert blowing agent.
2. The method of claim 1 , where the inert blowing agent has a gas-phase thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.016 W/m·k.
3. The method of claim 1 , where the inert blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrogenated fluorocarbons, hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons, acetone, and low-boiling hydrocarbons, and their mixtures.
4. The method of claim 1 , where said multi-functional acetoacetate ester, said multi-functional amine, and said blowing agent are combined to form a reaction mixture, and where said reaction mixture further includes a surfactant.
5. The method of claim 1 , where said multi-functional acetoacetate ester is defined by the formula (a):
and said multi-functional amine is defined by the formula (b):
where R 1 , and R 2 , at each at each occurrence, are each independently selected from a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group, wherein each hydrocarbon group optionally includes one or more heteroatoms; an aromatic group; a heteroaromatic group; and a heterocyclic group; or any combination thereof; wherein said hydrocarbon group, said aromatic group, said heteroaromatic group, and said heterocyclic group, at each occurrence, are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable substituents;
m is 2 to 200; and
n is 2 to 200.
6. The method of claim 1 , where said method produces a foam having a density of less than or equal to 10 lbs/ft 3 .
7. The method of claim 1 , where said method produces a foam having a density of less than or equal to 3.5 lbs/ft 3 .
8. The method of claim 1 , where said method produces a foam having a density of less than or equal to 2.5 lbs/ft 3 .
9. The method of claim 5 , where m is 2 to 20 and n is 2 to 20.
10. The method of claim 9 , where R 1 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is 2-10, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, and n is 2-10.
11. A method of insulating a wall, the method comprising:
(i) providing a first container including a multi-functional acetoacetate ester;
(ii) providing a second container including a multi-functional amine;
(iii) mixing, within a mixing chamber, the multi-functional acetoacetate ester and the multi-functional amine at a pressure of 500 to 2,000 psi to thereby form a reaction mixture; and
(iv) applying the reaction mixture to at least a portion of a wall system.
12. The method of claim 11 , where said step of mixing takes place within a mixing device.
13. The method of claim 12 , where said reaction mixture is expelled from said mixing device through a nozzle or orifice.
14. The method of claim 11 , where said step of applying includes applying the reaction mixture as a spray or foam bead.
15. The method of claim 11 , where at least one of the first container and the second container further includes an inert blowing agent.
16. The method of claim 15 , where the inert blowing agent has a gas-phase thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.016 W/m·k.
17. The method of claim 16 , where the inert blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrogenated fluorocarbons, hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons, acetone, and low-boiling hydrocarbons, and their mixtures.
18. The method of claim 17 , where said multi-functional acetoacetate ester, said multi-functional amine, and said blowing agent are combined to form a reaction mixture, and where said reaction mixture further includes a surfactant.
19. The method of claim 11 , where said multi-functional acetoacetate ester is defined by the formula (a):
and said multi-functional amine is defined by the formula (b):
where R 1 , and R 2 , at each at each occurrence, are each independently selected from a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group, wherein each hydrocarbon group optionally includes one or more heteroatoms; an aromatic group; a heteroaromatic group; and a heterocyclic group; or any combination thereof; wherein said hydrocarbon group, said aromatic group, said heteroaromatic group, and said heterocyclic group, at each occurrence, are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable substituents;
m is 2 to 200; and
n is 2 to 200.
20. The method of claim 11 , where said method produces a foam having a density of less than or equal to 10 lbs/ft 3 .
21. The method of claim 3 , where said low-boiling hydrocarbons are selected from cyclopentane, isopentane, and n-pentane.
22. The method of claim 17 , where said low-boiling hydrocarbons are selected from cyclopentane, isopentane, and n-pentane.