Chemically modified small molecules
Methods of modifying the rate of systemic absorption of a drug administered to a subject by a pulmonary route, the method comprising covalently conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to a drug, wherein the drug has a half-life of elimination from the lung of less than about 180 minutes, to form a drug-polymer conjugate, wherein the drug-polymer conjugate has a net hydrophilic character and a weight average molecular weight of from about 50 to about 20,000 Daltons, and wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug-polymer conjugate is at least about 1.5-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchioalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
1. A pharmaceutical composition for pulmonary administration via inhalation, the composition comprising an anti-infective drug conjugate comprising ciprofloxacin covalently attached to a single linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a hydrolytically stable linkage, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is from 1000 Daltons to 3500 Daltons.
2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , in liquid form.
4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , in the form of a dry powder.
5. An aerosol comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 .
6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , in an inhaler device.
7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises particles having a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of less than 10 microns.
8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises particles having a MMAD of less than 5 microns.
9. A spray-dried pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 .
10. A unit dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 .
11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 in an inhaler device.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the anti-infective drug conjugate has a half-life of elimination from the lung that ranges from is at least 2-fold greater to 100-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of unconjugated ciprofloxacin when measured in rats following intratracheal administration, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12 , wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the anti-infective drug conjugate ranges from at least 10-fold greater to 100-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of unconjugated ciprofloxacin.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene glycol comprises a methoxy end-capping group.