Serum stable pro-coelenterazine analogues
Described are pro-coelenterazine analogues, methods for making the analogues, kits comprising the analogues, and methods of using the compounds for the detection of luminescence in luciferase-based assays or fragment complementary luciferase. The disclosed pro-coelenterazine analogues provide increased serum stability for live cell assays, and are capable of tuning the brightness and assay windows as needed for the applications.
1. A compound of formula (I)
or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, wherein:
Ar 1 is phenyl, Ar 2 is furyl, and Ar 3 is phenyl;
R A is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 10 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amido, acetoxy, methyl ether polyethylene glycoxy, methyl ether polyethylene glycoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, hydroxyl polyethylene glycoxyl, carboxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclic alkyl, R B CH 2 —, R C O—, R C C(O)NH—, and R C C(O)O—, wherein R B is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 9 , linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amido, acetoxy, methyl ether polyethylene glycoxy, methyl ether polyethylene glycoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, hydroxyl polyethylene glycoxyl, carboxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, and heterocyclic alkyl; and R C is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 2 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, methyl ether poly ethylene glycoxy alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, hydroxyl polyethylene glycoxy alkyl, carboxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, and heterocyclic alkyl;
R x1 , R x2 , at each occurrence, are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocycle.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R x1 and R x2 are methyl.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein: R A is R B CH 2 —, wherein R B is CH 3 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n O—, wherein n is any number from 0-10; or wherein R A is R C O—, wherein R C is linear or branched C 1 —C 5 —alkyl, or CH 3 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n —, wherein n is any number from 0-10; or wherein R A is R C C(O)NH—, wherein R C is linear or branched C 1 —C 5 —alkyl; or wherein R A is R C C(O)O—, wherein R C is linear or branched C 1 —C 5 —alkyl.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R A —C(R x1 R x2 )— is formula:
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-d):
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-e):
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R A —C(R x1 R x2 )— is formula:
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-f):
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-g):
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-h):
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-j):
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) has formula (I-k):
13. A compound of formula (II)
or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, wherein, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, wherein Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are each optionally substituted; Ar 4 is aryl, furan or thiophene, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocycle.
14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein Ar 1 is phenyl, Ar 2 is furyl, and Ar 3 is phenyl.
15. The compound of claim 13 , Ar 4 is phenyl, furan, thiophene, optionally substituted by one or more alkoxy.
16. The compound of claim 13 , wherein the compound of formula (II) has formula (II-a), (II-b), or (II-c)
wherein Ar 1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl; Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl; and Ar 4 is phenyl, furan, thiophene, optionally substituted by one or more alkoxy.
17. A compound of formula (III)
or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, wherein, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, wherein Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are each optionally substituted; R C is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 9 , linear or branched alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, methyl ether poly ethylene glycoxy alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, hydroxyl polyethylene glycoxy alkyl, carboxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, and heterocyclic alkyl.
18. The compound of claim 17 , wherein Ar 1 is phenyl, Ar 2 is furyl, and Ar 3 is phenyl.
19. The compound of claim 17 , wherein R C is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 9 , linear or branched alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, and heterocyclic alkyl.
20. The compound of claim 17 , wherein the compound of formula (III) has formula (III-a), (III-b), or (III-c)
wherein R C is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 9 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, and heterocyclic alkyl.
21. The compound of claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of:
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 3-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 13,13-dimethyl-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-oate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 16,16-dimethyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxaheptadecan-17-oate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate; and
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl 2-acetamido-2-methylpropanoate.
22. The compound of claim 13 , selected from the group consisting of:
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl furan-2-carboxylate;
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl furan-3-carboxylate; and
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl benzoate.
23. The compound of claim 17 , selected from the group consisting of:
((8-benzyl-2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)oxy)methyl methyl carbonate.
24. A kit comprising a compound of claim 1 , claim 13 , or claim 17 .
25. The kit of claim 24 , further comprising a deprotection enzyme, wherein the deprotection enzyme is an esterase.
26. The kit of claim 24 , further comprising a luciferase or a fragment complementary luciferase.
27. The kit of claim 24 , further comprising a buffer reagent.
28. A method for detecting luminescence in a sample, the method comprising: contacting a sample with a compound of claim 1 , claim 13 , or claim 17 ; contacting the sample with an esterase, if no esterase is present in the sample; contacting the sample with a coelenterazine-utilizing luciferase, if no coelenterazine-utilizing luciferase is present in the sample; and detecting luminescence.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the sample comprises live cells.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the sample comprises a coelenterazine-utilizing luciferase or a fragment complementary luciferase.
31. A method for detecting luminescence in a transgenic animal comprising administering a compound of claim 1 , claim 13 , or claim 17 to a transgenic animal; and
detecting luminescence; wherein the transgenic animal expresses a coelenterazine-utilizing luciferase.