Spread spectrum control apparatus and method
A power converter includes a first switch and a second switch connected in series between an input power source and ground, an inductor connected between a common node of the first switch and the second switch, and an output capacitor and a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator configured to generate a gate drive signal for the first switch, wherein a leading edge of the gate drive signal is determined by a comparison result between a reference and a voltage proportional to an output voltage of the power converter and a trailing edge of the gate drive signal is determined by a comparison result between a voltage ramp and a variable voltage source.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first switch and a second switch connected in series between an input power source and ground;
an inductor connected between a common node of the first switch and the second switch, and an output capacitor; and
a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator configured to control an on-time of the first switch, wherein the PWM generator has a first input configured to receive a comparison result between a first reference and a voltage ramp, and a second input configured to receive a feedback signal, and wherein:
the feedback signal is generated based on a comparison result between a voltage across the output capacitor and a second reference; and
the first reference comprises a variable voltage source connected in series with a fixed voltage source, wherein the variable voltage source is configured to adjust a threshold for turning off the first switch, and wherein the first reference is generated by a plurality of series-connected resistors and a plurality of switches connected between the output capacitor and ground.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the PWM generator comprises a latch having a reset input configured to receive the comparison result between the first reference and the voltage ramp, and a set input configured to receive the feedback signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the fixed voltage source is proportional to the voltage across the output capacitor.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of series-connected resistors and the plurality of switches comprise a first resistor, a resistor-switch network and a second resistor connected in series.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the resistor-switch network comprises:
a plurality of resistor-switch network resistors connected in series between the first resistor and the second resistor; and
the plurality of switches having first terminals connected to the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors and second terminals connected together, and wherein two first terminals of two adjacent switches of the plurality of switches are connected to two terminals of a corresponding resistor of the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:
a common node of the plurality of switches is an output of the first reference.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the voltage ramp is in synchronization with a gate drive signal of the first switch.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
an operation mode selector having a first input connected to a master clock through a phase-locked loop and a second input connected to a spread spectrum controller, wherein the operation mode selector is configured such that:
a switching frequency of the apparatus is equal to a frequency of the master clock when the master clock is applied to the apparatus through the operation mode selector; and
spectral energy of the apparatus is spread over a wide range when the spread spectrum controller is applied to the apparatus through the operation mode selector.
9. A method comprising:
providing a ramp signal proportional to an input voltage of a constant on-time power converter;
varying a reference signal through a variable voltage source connected in series with a fixed voltage source, so as to approximate a sinusoidal waveform in a piecewise manner, wherein the reference signal is generated by a plurality of series-connected resistors and a plurality of switches connected between an output voltage terminal of the constant on-time power converter and ground; and
terminating a turn-on time of a high-side switch of the constant on-time power converter based upon a comparison between the ramp signal and the reference signal.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
varying the reference signal using a spread spectrum apparatus, wherein the spread spectrum apparatus comprises the plurality of series-connected resistors and the plurality of switches, and wherein the plurality of series-connected resistors and the plurality of switches comprise a first resistor, a resistor-switch network and a second resistor connected in series between an output of the constant on-time power converter and ground.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the resistor-switch network comprises:
a plurality of resistor-switch network resistors connected in series between the first resistor and the second resistor; and
the plurality of switches having first terminals connected to the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors and second terminals connected together, and wherein two first terminals of two adjacent switches of the plurality of switches are connected to two terminals of a corresponding resistor of the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the constant on-time power converter comprises:
the high-side switch and a low-side switch connected in series between an input power source and ground; and
an inductor connected between a common node of the high-side switch and the low-side switch, and an output of the constant on-time power converter.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
adjusting a switching frequency of the constant on-time power converter through a master clock and a phase-locked loop.
14. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
varying the reference signal so that a voltage perturbation of the reference signal follows the sinusoidal waveform.
15. A power converter comprising:
a first switch and a second switch connected in series between an input power source and ground;
an inductor connected between a common node of the first switch and the second switch, and an output capacitor; and
a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator configured to generate a gate drive signal for the first switch, wherein:
a leading edge of the gate drive signal is determined by a comparison result between a reference and a voltage proportional to an output voltage of the power converter; and
a trailing edge of the gate drive signal is determined by a comparison result between a voltage ramp and a reference voltage source including a fixed voltage source connected in series with a variable voltage source, wherein the reference voltage source is generated by a plurality of series-connected resistors and a plurality of switches connected between an output voltage terminal of the power converter and ground.
16. The power converter of claim 15 , wherein:
the variable voltage source is controlled by a tap-selecting logic circuit based upon a wave whose waveform resembles a sinusoidal curve.
17. The power converter of claim 16 , wherein the tap-selecting logic circuit comprises:
the plurality of series-connected resistors and the plurality of switches, and wherein the plurality of series-connected resistors and the plurality of switches comprise a first resistor, a resistor-switch network and a second resistor connected in series, and wherein the resistor-switch network comprises:
a plurality of resistor-switch network resistors connected in series between the first resistor and the second resistor; and
the plurality of switches having first terminals connected to the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors and second terminals connected together, and wherein two first terminals of two adjacent switches of the plurality of switches are connected to two terminals of a corresponding resistor of the plurality of resistor-switch network resistors.
18. The power converter of claim 16 , wherein:
the tap-selecting logic circuit is configured such that a voltage perturbation of the variable voltage source follows a sixteen-step sinusoidal waveform.
19. The power converter of claim 15 , further comprising:
a master clock and a phase-locked loop, wherein the master clock and the phase-locked loop are configured such that a switching frequency of the power converter is equal to a frequency of the master clock.