Hybrid fluoropolymer composites
The present invention pertains to a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite, to a process for manufacturing said fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite and films and membranes thereof and to uses of said fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite and films and membranes thereof in various applications.
1. A polymer electrolyte membrane comprising at least one fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite [polymer (F-h)] and an electrolyte medium comprising at least one metal salt [medium (E)], wherein polymer (F-h) includes fluoropolymer domains and inorganic domains and comprises at least one grafted fluoropolymer [polymer (F-g)] comprising recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer [monomer (F)] and at least one hydrogenated monomer [monomer (HH)], said monomer (HH) comprising:
at least one pendant side chain comprising an end group of formula —O—C(O)—NH—Z-AY m X 3-m (M1-g), wherein m is an integer from 1 to 3, Y is a hydrolysable group, A is a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti and Zr, X is a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one —N═C═O functional group and Z is a hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising at least one —N═C═O functional group, and
optionally, at least one pendant side chain comprising an end group of formula —O-A′Y′ m′-1 X′ 4-m′ (M2-g), wherein m′ is an integer from 1 to 4, Y′ is a hydrolysable group, A′ is a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti and Zr, X′ is a hydrocarbon group, optionally comprising at least one functional group different from the —N═C═O functional group,
and wherein the inorganic domains are obtained by hydrolysing and/or condensing the end groups of formula —O—C(O)—NH—Z-AY m X 3-m (M1-g) and, optionally, the end groups of formula —O-A′Y′ m′-1 X′ 4-m′ (M2-g) of polymer (F-g).
2. An electrochemical device comprising the polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 .
3. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the medium (E) comprises at least one metal salt and at least one organic carbonate.
4. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the medium (E) comprises at least one metal salt, at least one ionic liquid and, optionally, at least one organic carbonate.
5. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of MeI, Me(PF 6 ) n , Me(BF 4 ) n , Me(ClO 4 ) n , Me(bis(oxalato)borate) n (“Me(BOB) n ”), MeCF 3 SO 3 , Me[N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ] n , Me[N(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ] n , Me[N(CF 3 SO 2 )(R F SO 2 )] n with R F being C 2 F 5 , C 4 F 9 , CF 3 OCF 2 CF 2 , Me(AsF 6 ) n , Me[C(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ] n , Me 2 S n , wherein Me is a metal and n is the valence of said metal.
6. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 5 , wherein Me is a transition metal, an alkaline metal or an alkaline-earth metal.
7. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 6 , wherein Me is selected from Li, Na, K, and Cs.
8. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein polymer (F-g) further comprises recurring units derived from at least one hydrogenated monomer [monomer (H)].
9. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer (F) comprises vinylidene fluoride (VDF) optionally in combination with at least one monomer different from VDF.
10. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer (F) comprises a combination of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and at least one monomer (H) selected from ethylene, propylene and isobutylene, optionally in combination with one or more additional monomers.