Encrypted optical markers for security applications
Encrypted markers that are not readily detectable can be revealed by treatment with a specific reagent used as a developer to reveal a readily detectable physical property of the marker, such as a characteristic fluorescence emission after excitation with a particular excitation wavelength, or to reveal a visible color. The encrypted marker can be developed in situ, or a sample can be removed by brushing, scraping, swabbing or scratching the marked object or item and developing the encrypted marker or a sample thereof with the appropriate developer to reveal an overt marker or optical signal. The encrypted marker may include a DNA taggant.
1. A method for cryptically marking an item, the method comprising:
providing a marker wherein the marker is a pro-fluorophore, a chromogen, or a combination thereof being capable of producing a readily detectable fluorophore, chromophore, or combination thereof upon reaction with a developer, and
combining a DNA taggant and the marker to form a DNA security marker;
attaching the DNA security marker to the item; and
thereby providing a cryptically marked item.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the marker is a pro-fluorophore.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the marker is a chromogen.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA taggant is double-stranded DNA of a non-naturally occurring sequence that is readily identifiable.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA taggant has a length of between about 80 and 500 base pairs.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA taggant is suspended in an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous solution.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of DNA taggant to marker is about 1:100 to about 1:10,000.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the ratio of DNA taggant to marker is about 1:800 to about 1:5,000.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA security marker further comprises a perturbant.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the perturbant comprises a polyol, a diol, a glycol, a starch, or a pyrrolidone.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the perturbant is a polyol and the polyol is polyethylene glycol.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the DNA taggant is suspended in an aqueous solution and the perturbant is any water immiscible compound capable of creating a stable oil in water emulsion.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the perturbant comprises mineral oil, hydrocarbons, silicone oils, or triglycerides.
14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the perturbant is present in the DNA security marker in an amount of less than 2% w/w.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA security marker or developer comprises an anion.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the DNA security marker or developer comprises a transition metal ion.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the transition metal ion comprises Cu2±.
18. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising developing the marker with the developer to produce a readily detectable fluorophore, chromophore, or combination thereof.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the marker comprises a polymerizable monomer capable of polymerizing to form a solid, a layer, a particle, a microparticle or a nanoparticle.