Fractional frequency reuse schemes assigned to radio nodes in an LTE network
Arrangements disclosed here provide an LTE E-RAN employing a hierarchical architecture with a central controller controlling multiple LTE radio nodes (RNs). The RNs may be clustered within the small cell network. A fractional frequency reuse (“FFR”) scheme is provided that dynamically computes the FFR allocations at individual RNs and configures the corresponding schedulers within each RN to improve cell-edge users' experience. Once an FFR pattern has been generated and frequencies allocated, UE throughput can be emulated to predict the resulting bit rates for each UE. Using the prediction, a scheduler emulation may be run to predict the behavior of the system. The results of each cell may then be collected to generate the performance of the entire system, which may in turn be used to generate a new or modified FFR pattern, or new or modified clustering. Optimization of the performance results in an optimized FFR pattern.
1. A method of optimizing frequency allocation in a radio access network (RAN) that includes a plurality of radio nodes (RNs) each associated with a cell and a services node (SN) operatively coupled to the RNs, the method comprising:
dividing the RNs in the RAN into a plurality of clusters of RNs; generating a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) pattern for each cluster;
allocating transmission frequencies to the RNs in each cluster in accordance with the respective FFR pattern that is generated for each cluster;
estimating bit rates of one or more user equipments (UEs) associated with each cell;
performing a scheduling emulation within each cell using the estimated bit rates for the one or more UEs; and
combining the results of the scheduling emulations for each cell to obtain a system-wide performance metric, and if the system-wide performance metric is less than a target threshold, then repeating one or more of the dividing, generating, allocating, estimating, performing, and combining steps, until the system-wide performance metric meets or exceeds the target threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimating bit rates includes:
calculating a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for each UE; and
using a SINR-to-bit-rate map to determine the bit rate for each UE.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the calculating a SINR includes using at least one of a geometry and topology of the UEs to calculate the SINR.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving the estimation of the bit rates by using channel quality indicator (CQi) data reported by the UE.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving an estimation of the bit rates by using measurement data on an uplink reference signal.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the system-wide performance metric is selected from the group consisting of: cell packet throughput, 5% cell edge user throughput, user throughput cumulative distribution function (CDF), call drop ratio, call setup success rate, radio link failure rate, and handover delay.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein following the system-wide performance metric meeting or exceeding the target threshold, allocating transmission frequencies to the RNs in each cluster in accordance with the respective FFR pattern that resulted in the metric meeting or exceeding the target threshold, and performing a step of scheduling within each RN to allocate transmission frequencies to the UEs served by the RN.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the system-wide performance metric includes the throughput of a cell edge user, and wherein the repeating the generating step includes modifying the size of the center band until the throughput of the cell edge user meets or exceeds the threshold.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein following the system-wide performance metric meeting or exceeding the target threshold, allocating transmission frequencies to the RNs in each cluster in accordance with the respective FFR pattern that resulted in the metric meeting or exceeding the target threshold.
10. The method of claim 9 , comprising performing a step of scheduling within each RN to allocate transmission frequencies to the UEs served by the RN.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of scheduling directs cell edge users to high reuse bands and cell center users to low reuse bands.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of scheduling is at least partially based on UE-specific information.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the DE-specific information includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of: CQI, load, and quality of service (QoS) parameters.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the system-wide performance metric includes the throughput of a cell edge user, and wherein the repeating the generating step includes modifying the size of the center band until the throughput of the cell edge user meets or exceeds the threshold.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving the estimation of the bit rates by using channel quality indicator (CQi) data reported by the UE.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving an estimation of the bit rates by using measurement data on an uplink reference signal.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system-wide performance metric includes the throughput of a cell edge user, and wherein the repeating the generating step includes modifying the size of the center band until the throughput of the cell edge user meets or exceeds the threshold.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scheduling emulation includes proportional fairness (PF) scheduling emulation, round-robin scheduling emulation, or QOS based scheduling emulation.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving the estimation of the bit rates by using channel quality indicator (CQi) data reported by the UE.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimating bit rates further includes improving an estimation of the bit rates by using measurement data on an uplink reference signal.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system-wide performance metric refers to a downlink transmission.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system-wide performance metric refers to an uplink transmission.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmission frequencies are frequencies used for downlink transmission.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmission frequencies are frequencies used for uplink transmission.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system-wide performance metric is selected from the group consisting of: cell packet throughput, 5% cell edge user throughput, user throughput CDF, call drop ratio, call setup success rate, radio link failure rate, and handover delay.