Modified triazine functional compounds
The present invention is directed towards phosphorous containing flame retarding materials including a triazine moiety and an electrolyte for electrochemical cells containing the same.
1. An electrical energy storage device electrolyte comprising:
a) an aprotic organic solvent system;
b) an alkali metal salt;
c) an additive; and
d) a modified compound comprising a triazine moiety according to the following formulas
wherein:
R is a phenyl ring with at least one of the hydrogen atoms on the ring is substituted with a halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, silyl, amide, or sulfoxide, perfluorinated alkyl, silane, sulfoxide, azo, amide, ether or thioether groups or combination thereof;
Q is an alkenyl, alkylsiloxy, silyl, thioether, sulfoxide, azo, amino or silane group; and
X is (a) a linker, comprising a C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, ester, carbonyl, phenyl, thioether, sulfoxide, azo or aryl group, wherein any of the carbon or hydrogen atoms therein are optionally further substituted with a halide; (b) O, S, N, or C; or (c) O, S, N, or C attached to the linker.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the aprotic organic solvent comprises an open-chain or cyclic carbonate, carboxylic acid ester, nitrite, ether, sulfone, ketone, lactone, dioxolane, glyme, crown ether, siloxane, phosphoric acid ester, phosphite, mono- or polyphosphazene or mixtures thereof.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the cation of the alkali metal salt comprises lithium, sodium, aluminum or magnesium.
4. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a sulfur-containing compound, phosphorus-containing compound, boron-containing compound, silicon-containing compound, fluorine-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, compound containing at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, carboxylic acid anhydride or the mixtures thereof.
5. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a concentration in the electrolyte of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %.
6. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising an ionic liquid.
7. The electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an organic cation comprising N-alkyl-N-alkyl-pyrrolidinium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-pyridinium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-sulfonium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-ammonium, or N-alkyl-N-alkyl-piperidinium.
8. The electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion comprising tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, or trifluoroacetate.
9. An electrical energy storage device comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolyte according to claim 1 .
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium metal oxide, spinel, olivine, carbon-coated olivine, LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiNi 1x Co y Met z O 2 , LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 , LiMn 0.3 Co 0.3 Ni 0.3 O 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFeO 2 , Li 1+x′ Ni α Mn β Co γ Met′ δ O 2−z′ F z′ , A n′ B 2 (XO 4 ) 3 (NASICON), vanadium oxide, lithium peroxide, sulfur, polysulfide, a lithium carbon monofluoride or mixtures of any two or more thereof, where Met is Al, Mg, Ti, B, Ga, Si, Mn or Co; Met′ is Mg, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr or Ti; A is Li, Ag, Cu, Na, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn; B is Ti, V, Cr, Fe or Zr; X is P, S, Si, W or Mo; and wherein 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.5, 0≤x′≤0.4, 0≤α≤1, 0≤β≤1, 0≤γ≤1, 0≤δ≤0.4, 0≤z′≤0.4 and 0≤h′≤3.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphitic material, amorphous carbon, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , tin alloy, silicon alloy, intermetallic compound or mixtures thereof.
12. The device of claim 9 , wherein the device comprises a lithium battery, lithium-ion battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery, sodium ion battery, magnesium battery, electrochemical cell, capacitor, lithium/MnO 2 battery, Li/poly(carbon monofluoride) battery, or solar cell.
13. The device of claim 9 , further comprising a porous separator separating the anode and cathode from each other.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the porous separator comprises an electron beam-treated micro-porous polyolefin separator or a microporous polymer film comprising nylon, cellulose, nitrocellulose, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, or co-polymers or blends of any two or more such polymers.
15. The device of claim 9 , wherein the aprotic organic solvent comprises an open-chain or cyclic carbonate, carboxylic acid ester, nitrite, ether, sulfone, ketone, lactone, dioxolane, glyme, crown ether, siloxane, phosphoric acid ester, phosphite, mono- or polyphosphazene or mixtures thereof.
16. The device of claim 9 , wherein the cation of the alkali metal salt comprises lithium, sodium, aluminum or magnesium.
17. The device of claim 9 , wherein the additive comprises a sulfur-containing compound, phosphorus-containing compound, boron-containing compound, silicon-containing compound, fluorine-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, compound containing at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, carboxylic acid anhydride or the mixtures thereof.
18. The device of claim 9 , further comprising an ionic liquid.
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an organic cation comprising N-alkyl-N-alkyl-pyrrolidinium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-pyridinium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-sulfonium, N-alkyl-N-alkyl-ammonium, or N-alkyl-N-alkyl-piperidinium.
20. The device of claim 18 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion comprising tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, or trifluoroacetate.