Electrophysiology catheter design
The present invention relates to a method, device, and system for improved mapping and/or ablation of a tissue. The device may generally include an elongate body and a distal assembly affixed to the elongate body that includes a treatment electrode having a conductive mapping region and a selectively conductive ablation region that is conductive of high-frequency current and substantially non-conductive of low-frequency current. Alternatively, the device may generally include a treatment electrode having a conductive mapping or ablation region and a region that is coated with an electrically insulated but thermally conductive layer.
1. A medical device comprising:
an elongate body having a proximal portion, a distal portion with a distal tip, and a longitudinal axis; and
an electrode including at least one winding about the longitudinal axis of the elongate body, the at least one winding being located distal to the distal tip, the electrode including at least one selectively conductive region alternating with at least one conductive region.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is composed of metal, the metal being at least one of platinum, platinum alloys, gold, gold alloys, gold with a coating of tantalum, copper with a coating of tantalum, copper with a coating of gold, aluminum, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, niobium, zirconium, and combinations thereof.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region includes an oxide layer on an outer surface of the at least one selectively conductive region.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region is composed of gold and the oxide layer is a layer of tantalum pentoxide.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region is composed of copper and the oxide layer is a layer of tantalum pentoxide.
6. The device of claim 2 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region is configured to be conductive of at least one of high-frequency currents and pulsed energy, but is non-conductive of at least one of direct current energy and low-frequency currents.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode further includes at least one prominent element configured to enhance contact between the electrode and an area of tissue when the medical device is in use.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the at least one prominent element includes a plurality of prominent elements and the at least one conductive region includes a plurality of conductive regions, each of the plurality of prominent elements being in a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive regions.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region is electrically insulated but thermally conductive.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region includes a layer of diamond-like carbon on an outer surface of the at least one selectively conductive region.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region includes a layer of at least one of thermal pyrolytic graphite, graphite, graphene, diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, alumina, sapphire, zirconia, tantala, titania, beryllium oxide, polymer composites containing thermally conductive particles, nanoparticles, self-assembling nanoparticles, nanomaterials, composites of nanomaterials, and biocompatible thermally conductive fluid on an outer surface of the at least one selectively conductive region.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the at least one selectively conductive region includes a layer of biocompatible thermally conductive fluid on the outer surface of the at least one selectively conductive region, the biocompatible thermally conductive fluid being at least one of olive oil and medical grade silicone oil.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein the layer has a thickness of between approximately 10 nm and approximately 5000 nm.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one selectively conductive region is larger than each of the at least one conductive region.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the at least one conductive region is configured to receive electrogram signals from tissue.
16. A medical device comprising:
an elongate body defining a distal portion including a distal tip, a proximal portion, and a longitudinal axis; and
an electrode affixed to the distal portion of the elongate body, the electrode extending at least 360° around the longitudinal axis and being located distal to the distal tip, the electrode including:
a circumference;
a plurality of first regions, each of the plurality of first regions being one of selectively conductive and electrically insulated but thermally conductive;
a plurality of second regions alternating with the plurality of first regions, each of the plurality of second regions being fully electrically conductive; and
at least one prominent element protruding from the circumference of the electrode, the at least one prominent element being in at least one of the plurality of second regions.
17. The medical device of claim 16 , wherein the electrode is composed of metal, the metal being at least one of platinum, platinum alloys, gold, gold alloys, gold with a coating of tantalum, copper with a coating of tantalum, copper with a coating of gold, aluminum, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, niobium, zirconium, and combinations thereof.
18. The medical device of claim 16 , wherein the electrode is a hypotube electrode.
19. The medical device of claim 16 , wherein each of the plurality of first regions is selectively conductive and includes an oxide layer on an outer surface of each of the plurality of first regions, each of the plurality of second regions being configured to be conductive of at least one of high-frequency currents and pulsed energy, but non-conductive of at least one of direct current energy and low-frequency currents.
20. A medical system, the medical system comprising:
a medical device including:
an elongate body defining a distal portion including a distal tip, a proximal portion, and a longitudinal axis; and
a hypotube electrode affixed to the distal portion of the elongate body, the hypotube electrode extending at least 360° around the longitudinal axis and being located distal to the distal tip, the hypotube electrode having:
a circumference;
a plurality of first regions, each of the plurality of first regions being one of selectively conductive and electrically insulated but thermally conductive; and
a plurality of second regions alternating with the plurality of first regions, each of the plurality of second regions being fully electrically conductive; and
a coolant source in fluid communication with the hypotube electrode.