Method for the manufacture of a hole in a component consisting of a composite material
A method of manufacturing a hole in a component consisting of a composite material, such as a fiber or fabric reinforced plastic part, wherein the component, having first and second oppositely disposed sides, is placed with its first side on a support having an iris diaphragm. A tip which diverges in the axial direction is pressed from the second side of the component through the component, which optionally has a pre-piercing, for formation of the hole or for enlargement of the pre-piercing. The iris diaphragm has a smaller starting opening which receives a narrower region of the tip and opens into a larger opening with increasing penetration of the component by the tip, the component is supported during hole formation over an as large as possible area from the first side. A piercing aid in the form of an iris diaphragm or a die button is likewise claimed.
1. A tip configured to be used in combination with a piercing aid for the hole formation in a component, wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm having a smaller initial opening which can be pressed open to a larger opening wherein the tip is formed by a free end face of a shaft part of a bolt or is formed as an auxiliary tip, wherein the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional size of the tip or of the auxiliary tip, in the longitudinal direction of the tip or of the auxiliary tip, is matched to the respective cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size of the dilating opening of the iris diaphragm.
2. The tip of claim 1 , wherein the tip is used with a hollow element.
3. The tip of claim 1 , wherein each cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the tip is formed by two overlapping circular arcs with a degree of overlapping in a longitudinal direction of the auxiliary tip progressively increasing starting from a smallest end of the tip.
4. The tip of claim 3 , wherein the tip is in the form of a duck bill.
5. The tip of claim 1 , wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm having a smaller initial opening which can be pressed open to a larger opening during hole formation in the component, wherein the iris diaphragm has movably arranged diaphragm segments which are arranged in a mount or in a plurality of mounts of a die button body.
6. The tip of claim 1 , wherein diaphragm segments of the iris diaphragm can each be biased into a position to form a smaller starting opening.
7. The tip of claim 1 , wherein a synchronization device is provided which synchronizes the movement of diaphragm segments.
8. The tip of claim 7 , wherein the synchronization device is formed at least partly by a tip which diverges in an axial direction.
9. The tip of claim 1 , wherein the piercing aid has a heater whereby the component can be kept on the heater or heated by the heater around the piercing to a matrix material dependent temperature at which the matrix material of the composite material does not melt but softens or is pasty.
10. The tip of claim 9 , wherein the component is heated to a temperature of 260° C. when the material is PA6.
11. The tip of claim 1 , wherein the iris diaphragm is equipped with at least two diaphragm segments.
12. The tip of claim 11 , wherein the diaphragm segments are each formed by a plate having a circular hole, with the one plate being slidable on the other plate.
13. The tip of claim 12 , wherein plates are movable away from one another with increasing penetration of the tip starting from a starting position into an end position.
14. The tip of claim 11 , wherein there are no free corners or other regions between an opening formed by an enlarged overlap of the plates of the iris diaphragm and the respective cross-section of the tip in the region of the opening.
15. The tip of claim 11 , wherein in an end position in which a circular region of the tip fully fills the circular opening in an upper and lower plates which are now fully aligned with one another.
16. The tip of claim 15 , the upper plate and the lower plate can be reset from a position of maximum overlapping.
17. The tip of claim 16 , wherein a relative movement of the upper and lower plates takes place in one direction and in the opposite direction.
18. The tip of claim 17 , wherein guidance of the upper and lower plates can be guided in a flat longitudinal groove in a free end face of a die button body and the upper plate can be guided in a flat groove in a lower side of a cover disk which is secured to the die button body.
19. A tip configured to be used in combination with a piercing aid for the hole formation in a component consisting of composite material, wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm having a smaller initial opening which can be pressed open to a larger opening wherein the tip is formed by a free end face of a shaft part of a bolt or is formed as an auxiliary tip, wherein the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional size of the tip or of the auxiliary tip, in the longitudinal direction of the tip or of the auxiliary tip, is matched to the respective cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size of the dilating opening of the iris diaphragm.
20. The tip of claim 19 , wherein the composite material is selected as one of a fiber reinforced plastic part and a fabric reinforced plastic part.