Symmetrical facet Fresnel combiner
An optical combiner for a head mounted display includes a refractive material having a refractive index and a Fresnel surface formed in the refractive material. The Fresnel surface includes a plurality of Fresnel features that include an active surface and a draft surface. An active surface angle supporting the active surface is substantially the same as a draft surface angle supporting the draft surface such that active surface and the draft surface are symmetrical.
1. An optical combiner for a head mounted display, the optical combiner comprising:
a refractive material having a refractive index; and
a Fresnel surface formed in the refractive material, wherein the Fresnel surface includes a plurality of Fresnel features that include an active surface and a draft surface, wherein an active surface angle supporting the active surface is substantially the same as a draft surface angle supporting the draft surface such that active surface and the draft surface are symmetrical, wherein the active surface angle and the draft surface angle of each of the plurality of Fresnel features progressively vary at least partially based on a distance of each of the plurality of Fresnel features from a center of the refractive material.
2. The optical combiner of claim 1 further comprising:
a coating disposed on the active surface and the draft surface of the Fresnel features.
3. The optical combiner of claim 2 , wherein the coating is configured to pass visible light and reflect near-infrared light.
4. The optical combiner of claim 3 , wherein the coating is immersed in a transparent material having a same refractive index as the refractive material.
5. The optical combiner of claim 4 , wherein the transparent material is the same as the refractive material.
6. The optical combiner of claim 2 , wherein the coating is a multilayer dichroic coating.
7. The optical combiner of claim 1 , wherein the active surface angle is measured from the active surface to a boundary line between valleys of adjacent Fresnel features included in the plurality of Fresnel features, and wherein the draft surface angle is measured from the draft surface to the boundary line.
8. The optical combiner of claim 1 , wherein a first Fresnel feature in the plurality of Fresnel features has a first draft surface angle that is substantially the same as a first active surface angle of the first Fresnel feature, and wherein a second Fresnel feature in the plurality of Fresnel features has a second draft surface angle that is substantially the same as a second active surface angle of the second Fresnel feature, the first active surface angle differing from the second active surface angle.
9. The optical combiner of claim 1 , wherein the refractive material includes at least one of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, cyclic-olefin polymer, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyester, polydimethysiloxane, or other polymers containing one or more functional groups selected from the group of aliphatic, aromatic, thio, amines, or halogens.
10. The optical combiner of claim 1 , wherein the Fresnel surface is configured as an off-axis reflector.
11. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:
a camera; and
an optical combiner configured to pass visible light to an eyebox area and configured to direct infrared light to the camera, wherein the infrared light is received from the eyebox area, the optical combiner including:
a refractive material having a refractive index; and
a Fresnel surface formed in the refractive material, wherein the Fresnel surface includes a plurality of Fresnel features that include an active surface and a draft surface, wherein an active surface angle supporting the active surface is substantially the same as a draft surface angle supporting the draft surface such that active surface and the draft surface are symmetrical, wherein the active surface angle and the draft surface angle of each of the plurality of Fresnel features progressively vary at least partially based on a distance of each of the plurality of Fresnel features from a center of the refractive material.
12. The HMD of claim 11 , wherein the optical combiner further includes a coating disposed on the active surface and the draft surface of the Fresnel features.
13. The HMD of claim 12 , wherein the coating is configured to pass visible light and reflect near-infrared light.
14. The HMD of claim 13 , wherein the coating is bonded to a transparent material having a same refractive index as the refractive material, wherein a bonding agent that bonds the transparent material to the coating is index matched to the refractive index.
15. The HMD of claim 11 , wherein the active surface angle is measured from the active surface to a boundary line between valleys of adjacent Fresnel features included in the plurality of Fresnel features, and wherein the draft surface angle is measured from the draft surface to the boundary line.
16. The HMD of claim 11 , wherein the active surface angle is less than 35 degrees and greater than 0 degrees.
17. The HMD of claim 11 , wherein the refractive material includes at least one of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, cyclic-olefin polymer, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyester, polydimethysiloxane, or other polymers containing one or more functional groups selected from the group of aliphatic, aromatic, thio, amines, or halogens.
18. The HMD of claim 11 , wherein the active surface and the draft surface have a same length.
19. The HMD of claim 11 further comprising:
at least one infrared source configured to emit the infrared light toward the eyebox area, wherein the camera includes a filter that is configured to pass the infrared light emitted by the at least one infrared source and reject other light.
20. The HMD of claim 11 further comprising:
an optic disposed between the camera and the optical combiner, wherein the optic is configured to focus the infrared light for the camera.