Micro-textured surfaces via low pressure rolling
A substrate (e.g., metal or non-metal sheet) can have multiple textures on a surface of the substrate. The various textures can be impressed or applied on the surface of the substrate by passing the substrate between multiple pairs of work rolls that each include at least one textured work roll for transferring a texture of the work roll onto the surface of the substrate. The pairs of work rolls apply the various textures on the surface of the substrate while maintaining a thickness of the substrate (e.g., with substantially no reduction in a thickness of the substrate). A single pass of the substrate between the pairs of work rolls can allow various different textures, patterns, or features to be applied to the surface of the substrate while the thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.
1. A method for applying textures on a substrate, the method comprising:
applying, by a first pair of work rolls, a first texture on a first surface of the substrate, wherein at least one work roll in the first pair of work rolls has the first texture; and
applying, by a second pair of work rolls, a second texture on the first surface of the substrate after applying the first texture, the second texture being different from the first texture and wherein at least one work roll in the second pair of work rolls has the second texture and wherein applying the first texture and the second texture comprises:
applying, by the first pair of work rolls, a first work roll pressure on the first surface of the substrate; and
applying, by the second pair of work rolls, a second work roll pressure on the first surface of the substrate,
wherein applying the first work roll pressure and the second work roll pressure creates localized areas of plastic deformation on the first surface of the substrate due to a first topography of the first texture and a second topography of the second texture and wherein the first texture and the second texture are applied to the localized areas of the first surface while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant,
wherein each pair of work rolls comprises an upper work roll and a lower work roll,
wherein a set of intermediate rolls supports at least one of the upper work roll or the lower work roll,
wherein a set of actuators are provided along the set of intermediate rolls and are configured to impart bearing loads on the set of intermediate rolls such that the set of intermediate rolls transfer the loads from the set of actuators to the upper work roll or the lower work roll, and
wherein at least one actuator of the set of actuators is vertically adjustable to control bearing load and laterally adjustable such that a position along a width of the upper work roll or the lower work roll is adjustable.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first texture has at least one of a size, shape, depth, height or coarseness that is different from at least one of a size, shape, depth, height, or coarseness of the second texture.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the second texture comprises at least partially overlapping the first texture with the second texture on the first surface of the substrate in a single pass of the substrate between the first pair of work rolls and the second pair of work rolls.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first texture comprises applying the first texture at a first location on the first surface of the substrate and applying the second texture comprises applying the second texture at a second location on the first surface of the substrate that is adjacent to the first location.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first work roll pressure and the second work roll pressure applied on the substrate are each below a yield strength of the substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first texture on the first surface of the substrate comprises applying the first texture to less than or equal to half of a surface area of the first surface of the substrate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the second texture on the first surface of the substrate comprises applying the second texture to less than or equal to half of a surface area of the first surface of the substrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying, by the first pair of work rolls, the first texture on the first surface of the substrate comprises applying the first texture on the first surface of the substrate by a first work roll of the first pair of work rolls, and further comprising:
applying a texture different from the first texture on a second surface of the substrate by a second work roll of the first pair of work rolls.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying, by the first pair of work rolls, the first texture on the first surface of the substrate or applying, by the second pair of work rolls, the second texture on the first surface causes less than a one percent reduction in the overall thickness of the substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying, by the first pair of work rolls, the first texture on the first surface of the substrate or applying, by the second pair of work rolls, the second texture on the first surface causes less than a one percent increase in an overall length of the substrate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the first work roll pressure on the first surface of the substrate by the first pair of work rolls comprises vertically actuating one work roll of the first pair of work rolls while freezing a vertical position of the other work roll of the first pair of work rolls.
12. A method for applying textures on a substrate, the method comprising:
applying, by a first pair of work rolls, a first texture on a first surface of the substrate, wherein at least one work roll in the first pair of work rolls has the first texture;
and applying, by a second pair of work rolls, a second texture on the first surface of the substrate after applying the first texture, the second texture being different from the first texture and wherein at least one work roll in the second pair of work rolls has the second texture and wherein applying the first texture and the second texture comprises:
applying, by the first pair of work rolls, a first work roll pressure on the first surface of the substrate; and
applying, by the second pair of work rolls, a second work roll pressure on the first surface of the substrate,
wherein applying the first work roll pressure and the second work roll pressure creates localized areas of plastic deformation on the first surface of the substrate due to a first topography of the first texture and a second topography of the second texture and wherein the first texture and the second texture are applied to the localized areas of the first surface while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant,
wherein each pair of work rolls comprises an upper work roll and a lower work roll,
wherein a set of intermediate rolls supports at least one of the upper work roll or the lower work roll,
wherein a set of actuators are provided along the set of intermediate rolls and are configured to impart bearing loads on the set of intermediate rolls such that the set of intermediate rolls transfer the loads from the set of actuators to the upper work roll or the lower work roll,
wherein at least one actuator of the set of actuators is vertically adjustable to control bearing load and laterally adjustable such that a position along a width of the upper work roll or the lower work roll is adjustable, and
wherein the first texture comprises a negatively skewed area on a first location of the first surface of the substrate and the second texture comprises a positively skewed area on a second location of the first surface of the substrate, or wherein the first texture comprises a positively skewed area on the first location of the first surface of the substrate and the second texture comprises a negatively skewed area on the second location of the first surface of the substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the positively skewed area or the negatively skewed area has asperities or valleys with an average height or depth between 0 microns and 20 microns.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first texture covers less than or equal to half of a surface area of the first surface of the substrate.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second texture covers less than or equal to half of a surface area of the first surface of the substrate.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first texture covers less than or equal to one-third of a surface area of the first surface of the substrate.