Dioxazolones and nitrile sulfites as electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries
Improved battery systems have been developed for lithium-ion based batteries. The improved systems include a nonaqueous electrolyte including one or more lithium salts, one or more nonaqueous solvents, and an additive or additive mixture comprising one or more operative additives selected from a group of disclosed compounds, including 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones and 3-phenyl-1,3,2,4-dioxathiazole 2-oxide.
1. A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery comprising at least one lithium salt, at least one nonaqueous solvent, and an additive component comprising at least one operative additive from:
(a) the group consisting of 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compounds according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent; or
(c) the group consisting of R-substituted nitrile sulfite compounds according to Formula (III):
wherein R is any alkyl or aromatic substituent.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the at least one operative additive is in a range from 0.01 to 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the at least one operative additive is about 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive component includes ethylene sulfate.
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive component includes lithium difluorophosphate.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive component includes vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the at least one nonaqueous solvent is a carbonate solvent.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 7 , wherein the at least one nonaqueous solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
9. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 7 , further comprising a second nonaqueous solvent.
10. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive component is 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one.
11. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the additive component is a 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compound according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent.
12. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a negative electrode;
a positive electrode; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt dissolved in at least one nonaqueous solvent, and an additive component comprising at least one operative additive from:
(a) the group consisting of 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compounds according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent; or
(c) the group consisting of R-substituted nitrile sulfite compounds according to Formula (III):
wherein R is any alkyl or aromatic substituent.
13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein a concentration of the at least one operative additive is in a range from 0.01 to 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the at least one operative additive is 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
15. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the additive component includes ethylene sulfate.
16. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the additive component includes lithium difluorophosphate.
17. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the additive component includes vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
18. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the nonaqueous solvent is a carbonate solvent.
19. The lithium-ion battery of claim 18 , wherein the at least one nonaqueous solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
20. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein additive component comprises 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one.
21. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the additive component is a 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compound according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent.
22. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , further comprising a second nonaqueous solvent.
23. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium-ion battery has 95% retention of initial capacity after 200 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.
24. The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium-ion battery has 95% retention of initial capacity after 400 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.
25. An electric vehicle with a rechargeable battery comprising:
a drive motor;
a gear box;
electronics; and
a battery system comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte comprises a lithium salt dissolved in at least one nonaqueous solvent, and an additive component comprising at least one operative additive from:
(a) the group consisting of 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compounds according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent; or
(c) from the group consisting of R-substituted nitrile sulfite compounds according to Formula (III):
wherein R is any alkyl or aromatic substituent.
26. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein a concentration of the at least one operative additive is in a range from 0.01 to 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
27. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the concentration of the at least one operative additive is 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
28. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the additive component includes ethylene sulfate.
29. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the additive component includes lithium difluorophosphate.
30. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , the additive component includes vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, or combinations thereof.
31. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the nonaqueous solvent is a carbonate solvent.
32. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the at least one nonaqueous solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
33. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein additive component comprises 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one.
34. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein additive component is a 3-aryl substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one compound according to Formula (I):
wherein R is any aromatic substituent.
35. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , further comprising a second nonaqueous solvent.
36. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the battery system has 95% retention of initial capacity after 200 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.
37. The electric vehicle of claim 25 , wherein the battery system has 95% retention of initial capacity after 400 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.