Control rods for light water reactors
A control rod for a nuclear fuel assembly is described herein that includes a neutron absorbing material having a melting point greater than 1500° C. that does not form a eutectic with a melting point less than 1500° C., and may further include a cladding material having a melting point greater than 1500° C. The cladding material is selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, zirconium, a zirconium alloy, tungsten, and molybdenum. The absorbing material is selected from the group consisting of Gd 2 O 3 , Ir, B 4 C, Re, and Hf. The metal cladding or the absorbing material may be coated with an anti-oxidation coating of Cr with or without a Nb intermediate layer.
1. A control rod for a nuclear fuel assembly comprising:
a cladding material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.; and
a neutron absorbing material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.; and
an intermediate layer coated on the cladding material,
wherein the intermediate layer is intermediate the cladding material and an outer coating,
wherein the intermediate layer is selected from the group consisting of niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum,
wherein the cladding and the absorbing materials do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C., and
wherein the cladding material and the intermediate layer do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C.
2. The control rod recited in claim 1 wherein the cladding material is silicon carbide.
3. The control rod recited in claim 1
wherein the cladding material is a metal,
wherein the outer coating is an anti-oxidation coating on the intermediate layer,
the cladding material and the anti-oxidation coating do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C.
4. The control rod recited in claim 3 wherein the anti-oxidation coating comprises a chromium outer coating.
5. The control rod recited in claim 4 wherein the intermediate layer is positioned between the chromium outer coating and the cladding material.
6. The control rod recited in claim 1 wherein the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, and alloys of each.
7. The control rod recited in claim 1 wherein the neutron absorbing material has an effective neutron absorption cross-section equal to or greater than 8 Barns.
8. The control rod recited in claim 1 wherein the absorbing material is Gd 2 O 3 .
9. The control rod recited in claim 8 wherein the Gd 2 O 3 is diluted with an oxide.
10. The control rod recited in claim 9 wherein the oxide is one of Al 2 O 3 or CaO.
11. The control rod recited in claim 1 wherein the neutron absorbing material is selected from the group consisting of B 4 C, Re, Ir, and Hf.
12. A control rod for a nuclear fuel assembly, the control rod comprising:
a cladding material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.; and
a neutron absorbing material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.,
wherein the cladding and absorbing materials do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C.,
wherein the cladding material is a metal coated with an anti-oxidation coating, the anti-oxidation coating and the cladding material do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C., and
wherein the anti-oxidation coating comprises a chromium outer coating and an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer is positioned between the chromium outer coating and the cladding material, and the intermediate layer is selected from the group consisting of niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum.
13. A control rod for a nuclear fuel assembly, the control rod comprising:
a cladding material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.;
a neutron absorbing material having a melting point greater than 1500° C.; and
an anti-oxidation coating coated on the cladding material,
wherein the anti-oxidation coating comprises a chromium outer coating and an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer is positioned between the chromium outer coating and the cladding material, and the intermediate layer is selected from the group consisting of niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum,
wherein the cladding and absorbing materials do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C., and
wherein the anti-oxidation coating and the cladding material do not form a eutectic that has a melting point less than 1500° C.