Battery systems based on two-additive electrolyte systems including 1,2,6-oxodithiane-2,2,6,6-tetraoxide
Improved battery systems with two-additive mixtures including in an electrolyte solvent that is a carbonate solvent, an organic solvent, a non-aqueous solvent, methyl acetate, or a combination of them. The positive electrode of the improved battery systems may be formed from lithium nickel manganese cobalt compounds, and the negative electrode of the improved battery system may be formed from natural or artificial graphite.
1. A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery consisting essentially of at least one lithium salt, a nonaqueous solvent, and an additive mixture, wherein the additive mixture consists essentially of a first operative additive selected from the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate, and a second operative additive that is 1,2,6-oxodithiane-2,2,6,6-tetraoxide having the following formula (I):
wherein the at least one lithium salt comprises LiPF 6 having a concentration of at most about 1.2 M;
wherein a concentration of the first operative additive is 1% and at most 6% by weight;
wherein a concentration of the second operative additive is in a range from 0.25 to 5% by weight;
wherein a concentration of the nonaqueous solvent is greater than 6% by weight; and
wherein the nonaqueous solvent is
EC/EMC/DMC, wherein the ratio of EC to EMC to DMC is 25:5:70.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is about 2% by weight.
3. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a negative electrode;
a positive electrode; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte consisting essentially of a lithium salt, a nonaqueous solvent, and an additive mixture consisting essentially of:
a first operative additive selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, LiPO 2 F 2 , fluoroethylene carbonate and combinations thereof, and
a second operative additive that is 1,2,6-oxodithiane-2,2,6,6-tetraoxide having the following formula (I):
wherein the lithium salt comprises LiPF 6 having a concentration of at most about 1.2 M;
wherein a concentration of the first operative additive is in a range from 0.25 to 6% by weight;
wherein a concentration of the second operative additive is in a range from 0.25 to 5% by weight,
wherein a concentration of the nonaqueous solvent is greater than 6% by weight;
wherein the lithium-ion battery has at least 95% retention of initial capacity after 300 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.; and
wherein the nonaqueous solvent is EC/EMC/DMC, wherein the ratio of EC to EMC to DMC is 25:5:70.
4. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is at least 1% by weight, and the concentration of the second operative additive is 1% by weight.
5. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the first operative additive is fluoroethylene carbonate.
6. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the first operative additive is vinylene carbonate.
7. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the first operative additive is LiPO 2 F 2 .
8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein a volume of gas produced within the lithium-ion battery is less than or comparable to a volume of gas produced within a lithium-ion battery comprising the first operative additive and absent of the second operative additive that is 1,2,6-oxodithiane-2,2,6,6-tetraoxide.
9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the lithium-ion battery has at least 95% retention of initial capacity after 800 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.
10. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) active material.
11. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a graphite active material.
12. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is at most about 2% by weight, and the concentration of the second operative additive is at most about 1% by weight.
13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the volume ratio of EC in the nonaqueous solvent is 30% or less.
14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the first operative additive is FEC or VC, wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is about 2% by weight and the concentration of the second operative additive is in a range from 1% to 5% by weight.
15. The lithium-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the first operative additive is LiPO 2 F 2 , wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is about 1% by weight and the concentration of the second operative additive is in a range from 1% to 5% by weight.
16. An electric vehicle with a rechargeable battery comprising:
a drive motor;
gear box;
electronics; and
the lithium-ion battery of claim 3 .
17. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of the first operative additive is at least 1% by weight, and a concentration of the second operative additive is at least 1% by weight.
18. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the first operative additive fluoroethylene carbonate.
19. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the first operative additive is vinylene carbonate.
20. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the first operative additive is LiPO 2 F 2 .
21. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein a volume of gas produced within the lithium-ion battery is less than or comparable to a volume of gas produced within a lithium-ion battery comprising the first operative additive and absent of the second operative additive that is 1,2,6-oxodithiane-2,2,6,6-tetraoxide.
22. The electric vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the lithium-ion battery has at least 95% retention of initial capacity after 500 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.
23. The electric vehicle of claim 22 , wherein the lithium-ion battery has at least 95% retention of initial capacity after 800 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a charging rate of C/3 CCCV at 40° C.