Glazing equipped with an electrically conductive device possessing an improved resistance to temperature cycling tests
A glazing includes at least one substrate, one portion of which includes an electrically conductive element, the conductive element including a connector made of chromium-containing steel, which connector is soldered with a solder based on tin, silver and copper to an electrically conductive track, wherein the electrically conductive track, which is formed by fritting a silver paste including a mixture of silver powder and glass frit, has a resistivity measured at 25° C. lower than or equal to 3.5 μΩ·cm and a porosity level lower than 20%, the porosity level being measured by scanning electron microscopy from a cross section through the portion of the substrate including the electrically conductive track and having been polished beforehand by ion milling.
1. A glazing consisting of a substrate at least one portion of which comprises an electrically conductive element, said conductive element comprising an electrical connector made of chromium-containing steel, which electrical connector is soldered with a solder based on tin, silver and copper to an electrically conductive track, wherein the electrically conductive track, which is silver-based, has a resistivity measured at 25° C. lower than or equal to 3.5 μΩ·cm and a porosity level lower than 20%, said porosity level being measured by scanning electron microscopy from a cross section through the portion of the substrate comprising the electrically conductive track and having been polished beforehand by ion milling.
2. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive track is a fritted silver paste comprising a mixture of silver powder and glass frit.
3. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the silver-based electrically conductive track has a porosity distribution such that a longest length of 90% of the pores is lower than 6 μm.
4. The glazing according to claim 2 , wherein the fritted silver paste comprises some particles with different sizes, among which small particles with a size less than 500 nm are present.
5. The glazing according to claim 4 , wherein the small particles have a spherical form whose diameter is less than 500 nm.
6. The glazing according to claim 4 , wherein a granulometry of silver particles present in the fritted silver paste is such that an average diameter D10 is less than 1.1 μm, the diameter D10 representing the diameter for which 10% of the particles have a diameter below that value.
7. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the solder is an alloy comprising from 90 to 99.5% by weight tin.
8. The glazing according to claim 7 , wherein the solder also comprises, in addition to the tin, 0.5 to 5% by weight silver and 0 to 5% by weight copper.
9. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the solder is an alloy comprising 96.5% by weight tin, 3% by weight silver and 0.5% by weight copper.
10. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical connector is made of stainless steel.
11. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical connector possesses on its lower face, which is intended to be placed on the substrate, at least two dimples or a spacer.
12. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the silver electrically conductive track measured after fritting varies between 2 and 30 μm.
13. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a tempered glass.
14. The glazing according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a non tempered glass.
15. A process for manufacturing a glazing consisting of at least one substrate possessing an electrically connecting system, said process comprising:
applying a solder alloy based on tin, copper and silver to at least one contact zone of an electrical connector made of a chromium-based steel;
placing the electrical connector equipped with the soldering alloy on a electrically conductive silver track deposited on the either coated or uncoated substrate, said track having a resistivity measured at 25° C. lower than or equal to 3.5 μΩ·cm and a porosity level lower than 20%, said porosity level being measured by scanning electron microscopy from a cross section through a portion of the substrate comprising the electrically conductive track, which is polished beforehand by ion milling; and
soldering the contact zone of the connector to the electrically conductive silver track.
16. The process according to claim 15 , wherein, in said applying, a pad or flattened droplet of a thickness smaller than or equal to 0.6 mm is deposited on the contact zone of the connector.
17. The process according to claim 15 , wherein the connector is soldered to the electrically conductive silver track by stamping, piston soldering, micro-flame soldering, laser soldering, hot-air soldering, induction soldering, resistive soldering, with a soldering iron and/or ultrasonically.
18. A method comprising utilizing a glazing according to claim 1 in buildings or automotive vehicles, rail vehicles or aeroplanes.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the glazing forms a heated windscreen, a side window, a rear windscreen or a roof or a windscreen, a side window, a rear windscreen or a roof equipped with an antenna or with any other electrical function placed on or in the glazing.
20. The glazing according to claim 7 , wherein the alloy comprises from 95 to 98% by weight tin.