Catalyst system for lean gasoline direct injection engines
A lean gasoline exhaust treatment catalyst article is provided, the article comprising a catalytic material applied on a substrate, wherein the catalytic material comprises a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first and second compositions are present in a layered or zoned configuration, the first composition comprising palladium impregnated onto a porous refractory metal oxide material and rhodium impregnated onto a porous refractory metal oxide material; and the second composition comprising platinum impregnated onto a porous refractory metal oxide material. Methods of making and using such catalyst articles and the associated compositions and systems employing such catalyst articles are also described.
1. A catalyst article for treating an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine, the article comprising a catalytic material applied on a substrate, wherein the catalytic material comprises a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first and second compositions are present in a layered configuration,
the first composition comprising palladium impregnated onto oxygen storage component and alumina, and rhodium impregnated onto alumina; and
the second composition comprising platinum and palladium impregnated onto alumina,
wherein the weight ratio of platinum to palladium in the second composition is 8:1 to 12:1,
wherein 25% to 75% of the total weight of palladium in the first composition is impregnated onto an oxygen storage component.
2. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is in layered form, such that the first composition is disposed on the substrate as a first layer and the second composition is overlying at least a portion of the first composition as a second layer.
3. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material is in layered form, such that the second composition is disposed on the substrate as a first layer and the first composition is overlying at least a portion of the second composition as a second layer.
4. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the palladium-impregnated onto oxygen storage component and alumina and the rhodium-impregnated onto alumina in the first composition are intimately mixed.
5. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the palladium-impregnated onto oxygen storage component and alumina and the rhodium-impregnated onto alumina in the first composition are present in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.
6. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage component is selected from the group consisting of ceria, lanthana, praseodymia, neodymia, niobia, europia, samaria, ytterbia, yttria, zirconia, and combinations and composites thereof.
7. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage component is a ceria-zirconia composite.
8. The catalyst article of claim 7 , wherein the ceria-zirconia composite is selected from the group consisting of ceria-zirconia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana, and combinations thereof.
9. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the second composition comprises less than 1% by weight ceria.
10. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a monolithic substrate.
11. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein, under stoichiometric engine conditions, the catalytic material is effective to convert carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons simultaneously.
12. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein, under lean engine conditions, the catalytic material is effective to oxidize hydrocarbons at temperatures of 200° C. to 250° C.
13. A method for treating an exhaust gas stream comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, comprising: contacting the exhaust gas stream with a catalyst article according to claim 1 .
14. A method for making a catalyst article according to claim 1 , comprising:
impregnating palladium onto a first porous refractory metal oxide material; impregnating rhodium onto a second porous refractory metal oxide material;
combining the first and second impregnated porous refractory oxide materials to produce a first composition;
impregnating platinum onto a third porous refractory metal oxide material to produce a second composition;
applying the first and second compositions onto a substrate such that the first and second compositions are present in a layered or zoned configuration.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first, second, and third refractory metal oxide materials comprise alumina.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the impregnating palladium step comprises impregnating at least a portion of the palladium onto alumina and impregnating at least a portion of the palladium onto an oxygen storage component.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising impregnating palladium onto the third porous refractory material.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the third refractory metal oxide comprises less than 1% by weight of ceria.
19. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising a catalyst article according to claim 1 , located downstream of an internal combustion engine producing an exhaust stream.
20. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19 , wherein the engine comprises a lean burn engine.
21. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19 , further comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of an integrated lean NOx trap-three way conversion catalyst (LNT-TWC), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a lean NOx trap (LNT), an ammonium oxidation (AMOx) catalyst, an ammonia-generating catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF).
22. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19 , further comprising a SCR catalyst downstream of the catalyst article.
23. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19 , further comprising a LNT downstream of the catalyst article.
24. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19 , further comprising an AMOx downstream of the catalyst article.