High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted
Disclosed are high-density energy directing devices and systems thereof for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays. In general, the head-mounted display system includes one or more energy devices and one or more energy relay elements, each energy relay element having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices and the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface. A separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface.
1. A system comprising:
one or more energy devices;
one or more energy relay elements, each having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices;
wherein the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface;
wherein a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface; and
wherein a first aperture has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, and a second aperture has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an energy inhibiting element configured to substantially allow energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the second surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein both of the first energy device and the second energy device include displays, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein both of the first energy device and the second energy device include energy sensing devices, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein the first energy device includes a display and the second energy device include an energy sensing device, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an additional waveguide element configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first aperture, the second aperture, or both the first and second apertures.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first field of view, the second field of view, or both the first and second fields of view.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the additional energy source includes at least one of a portion of ambient energy, energy from the one or more energy devices, energy from non-energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes first and second structures, the first structure having a first refractive index and a first engineered property, the second structure having a second refractive index and a second engineered property, and wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation, resulting in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation.
15. A system comprising:
first energy device and second energy device spaced from each other, wherein each of the first energy device and the second energy device includes a first surface and a second surface, respectively;
first energy relay element and second energy relay element spaced from each other, wherein each of the first energy relay element and the second energy relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, respectively;
wherein the first energy device is coupled to the first energy relay element through a first energy combining element;
wherein the second energy device is coupled to the second energy relay element through a second energy combining element;
wherein the first energy relay element is configured to propagate energy between the first surface of the first energy device and the second surface of the first relay element; and
wherein the second energy relay element is configured to propagate the energy between the first surface of the second energy device and the second surface of the second relay element.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein each of the first energy combining element and the second energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
17. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a first display device disposed on the first energy combining element and a second display device disposed on the second energy combining element.
18. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a first sensor disposed on the first energy combining element and a second sensor disposed on the second energy combining element.
19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the first energy combining element is configured to combine the energy from the first energy device and energy from an additional source external to the system.
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the second energy combining element is configured to combine the energy from the second energy device and energy from an additional source external to the system.
21. A system comprising:
one or more energy devices;
one or more energy relay elements, each having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices;
wherein the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface;
wherein a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface;
wherein a first aperture has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, and a second aperture has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region; and
an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
22. The system of claim 21 , further comprising an energy inhibiting element configured to substantially allows energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures.
23. The system of claim 21 , wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
24. The system of claim 21 , wherein each of the second surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
25. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein both of the first energy device and the second energy device include displays, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
26. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein both of the first energy device and the second energy device include energy sensing devices, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
27. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, wherein the first energy device includes a display and the second energy device include an energy sensing device, and wherein the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
28. The system of claim 21 , further comprising an additional waveguide element configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first aperture, the second aperture, or both the first and second apertures.
29. The system of claim 28 , wherein the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first field of view, the second field of view, or both the first and second fields of view.
30. The system of claim 21 , wherein the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
31. The system of claim 21 , wherein the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
32. The system of claim 21 , wherein the additional energy source includes at least one of a portion of ambient energy, energy from the one or more energy devices, energy from non-energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
33. The system of claim 21 , wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes first and second structures, the first structure having a first refractive index and a first engineered property, the second structure having a second refractive index and a second engineered property, and wherein each of the one or more energy relay elements includes randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation, resulting in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation.
34. The system of claim 21 , further comprising an array of energy waveguides configured to direct energy therethrough along the energy propagation paths, wherein the energy waveguides of the array are located at different spatial coordinates, and each energy waveguide directs energy from the respective spatial coordinate to the energy propagation paths along different directions according to a 4D plenoptic function.
35. The system of claim 21 , further comprising an energy modulation element disposed between the energy combining element and the single seamless energy surface, the energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough.