Reactor for reducing nitrogen oxides
A reactor for reducing the concentration of NOx in a stream comprising: an inlet for the stream; an outlet for a stream containing a reduced concentration of NOx; one or more catalyst beds comprising a ceramic or metallic foam with a NOx reduction catalyst; one or more flow paths from the inlet to the outlet that passes through at least one catalyst bed wherein the catalyst beds are closed at the top and bottom so that the flow path through the catalyst bed passes through the sides of the catalyst bed in a lateral flow is described.
1. A method for reducing a concentration of NO x in a dust containing gas stream comprising:
a. feeding a first gas stream containing NO x into a reactor in a first flow direction, wherein the reactor comprises a contacting zone having one or more catalyst beds;
b. contacting the first gas stream with a ceramic or metallic foam catalyst disposed within the one or more catalyst beds and having interconnected pores that provide a lateral flow path through the one or more catalyst beds, wherein the ceramic or metallic catalyst comprises a NO x reduction catalyst configured to produce a second gas stream with a reduced NO x , concentration, and wherein contacting the first gas stream with the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst comprises passing the first gas stream through the one or more catalyst beds in a second flow direction that is different from the first flow direction; and
c. passing the second gas stream out of the contacting zone, wherein the first gas stream has a dust concentration of at least 5 mg/Nm 3 and the second gas stream comprises at least 50% of the amount of dust in the first gas stream.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas stream has a dust concentration of at least 10 mg/Nm 3 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas stream has a dust concentration of at least 20 mg/Nm 3 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas stream has a dust concentration of at least 30 mg/Nm 3 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas stream has a dust concentration of at least 70 mg/Nm 3 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second gas stream comprises at least 60% of the amount of dust in the first gas stream.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second gas stream comprises at least 80% of the amount of dust in the first gas stream.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at a temperature in the range of from 100 to 250° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at a temperature in the range of from 140 to 220° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst has from 5 to 50 pores per inch.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst has from 10 to 30 pores per inch.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first flow direction is orthogonal to the second flow direction.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising passing the second gas stream out of the contacting zone and into an outlet area of the reactor in the first flow direction.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gas stream is generated from an industrial process.
15. The method of claim 1 , comprising blocking a flow of the first gas stream and the second gas stream through a first end and a second end of the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst, respectively, wherein the first end is adjacent to an outlet area of the reactor and the second end is adjacent to an entrance zone of the reactor.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein contacting the first gas stream with the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst comprises flowing the first gas stream into and through a first side wall of the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst and flowing the second gas stream out through a second side wall of the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall are disposed between and extend from the first end to the second end of the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein a density range of the ceramic or metallic foam catalyst is between 0.4 to 0.75 grams/cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ).
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at a pressure range of from 0 kilopascals (kPa) to 1200 kPa.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the NO x , reduction catalyst is between approximately 70 square meters/gram (m 2 /g) and 150 m 2 /g.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NO x , reduction catalyst has a bimodal distribution having more than 90% of a pore volume present in pores having a diameter of at most 100 nanometers (nm).
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the pore volume is present in pores having a diameter of between approximately 1 nm and approximately 104 nm.