Method for an internal combustion engine

1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:

measuring dynamic pressure oscillations assignable to a cylinder of the internal combustion engine in the inlet tract of the internal combustion engine at a defined operating point during intake-synchronous fuel injection during normal operation;

generating a corresponding pressure oscillation signal based on the measured oscillations;

determining a corresponding crankshaft phase angle signal;

calculating an injection signal component caused by fuel injection based at least in part on the pressure oscillation signal by subtracting a reference base pressure oscillation signal;

wherein the reference base pressure oscillation signal includes pressure oscillation signal based on a measurement taken at the defined operating point without fuel injection or with direct fuel injection into a closed combustion chamber, and the reference base pressure oscillation signal depends on a function of the crankshaft phase angle signal;

determining a signal phase position and a signal amplitude of the injection signal component in relation to the crankshaft phase angle signal;

determining an injection start time at least in part on the basis of the determined signal phase position of the injection signal component and the reference phase positions;

determining an injection quantity at least in part on the basis of the determined signal amplitude of the injection signal component and reference amplitudes; and

adapting operation of the internal combustion engine based on the determined injection quantity.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the reference base pressure oscillation signal is stored as a function of the crankshaft phase angle;

the reference phase positions are stored as a function of the injection start time; and

the reference amplitudes are stored as a function of the injection quantity, in reference value characteristic maps.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reference base pressure oscillation signal is stored as a function of the crankshaft phase angle and corresponding model functions; and

the model functions replicate the relationship between reference phase positions and injection start time and reference amplitudes and injection quantity.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the reference base pressure oscillation signal has been determined as a function of the crankshaft phase angle;

the reference phase positions have been determined as a function of the injection start time; and

the reference amplitudes have been determined as a function of the injection quantity;

on a reference internal combustion engine prior to the normal operation.

5. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the model functions have been derived, prior to the normal operation, from the reference phase positions and the associated injection times and from the reference amplitudes and the associated injection quantities, and replicate the relationship between reference phase position and injection start time and reference amplitude and injection quantity.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising accounting for at least one of the operating parameters selected from the group consisting of:

temperature of the intake medium in the intake tract,

temperature of a coolant used for cooling the internal combustion engine, and/or

engine speed of the internal combustion engine,

in the determination of injection time and injection quantity of the fuel.

7. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the calculation of the injection signal component caused by the fuel injection and the determination of the signal phase position and of the signal amplitude of the injection signal component in relation to the crankshaft phase angle signal and also the determination of the injection start time and the injection quantity of the fuel during the normal operation of an internal combustion engine are performed by means of an electronic processing unit assigned to the internal combustion engine,

wherein the reference base pressure oscillation signal and the reference value characteristic maps or the model functions are stored in at least one memory area of the electronic processing unit.

8. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the prior determination of the reference base pressure oscillation signal and of the reference phase positions and reference amplitudes of the injection signal component is characterized by the measurement of a reference internal combustion engine in a measurement mode at at least one defined operating point,

wherein, for the determination of the reference base pressure oscillation signal, the dynamic pressure oscillations, assignable to a cylinder of the reference internal combustion engine, in the inlet tract are measured in relation to the crankshaft phase angle signal in the absence of fuel injection or in the case of direct fuel injection into a closed combustion chamber, and from these, a corresponding pressure oscillation signal is generated and is stored as a reference base pressure oscillation signal,

wherein the dynamic pressure oscillations, assignable to a cylinder of the reference internal combustion engine, in the inlet tract are additionally measured in relation to the crankshaft phase angle signal in the case of intake-synchronous fuel injection and with variation of injection start time and injection quantity, and from these, a respectively corresponding reference pressure oscillation signal is generated, and

wherein a reference injection signal component is calculated from the respective reference pressure oscillation signal by subtraction of the reference base pressure oscillation signal,

wherein a respective reference phase position and a respective reference amplitude of the respective reference injection signal component are determined, and

wherein the determined reference phase positions are stored as a function of the respective injection time, and the determined reference amplitudes are stored as a function of the respective injection quantity, in reference value characteristic maps.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the dynamic pressure oscillations are measured by means of a series-production-type pressure sensor in the intake pipe.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the crankshaft position feedback signal is determined by means of a toothed gear and a Hall sensor.

11. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the electronic processing unit comprises an engine control unit for controlling the internal combustion engine, and an adaptation of the control variables or control routines for controlling the injection start time and the injection quantity of the fuel is performed by the engine control unit, as a function of the determined injection start time and the determined injection quantity, such that an approximation to predefined setpoint values for injection start time and injection quantity of the fuel is realized.