Magneto-dielectric material comprising hexaferrite fibers, methods of making, and uses thereof
In an embodiment, a magneto-dielectric material comprises a polymer matrix; a plurality of hexaferrite microfibers; wherein the magneto-dielectric material has a permeability of 2.5 to 7, or 2.5 to 5 in an x-direction parallel to a broad surface of the magneto-dielectric material and a magnetic loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.03; as determined at 1 GHz, or 1 to 2 GHz.
1. A magneto-dielectric material comprising:
a polymer matrix; and
a plurality of hexaferrite microfibers;
wherein the magneto-dielectric material has a permeability of 2.5 to 7 in an x-direction parallel to a broad surface of the magneto-dielectric material, and
a magnetic loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.03; as determined at 1 GHz.
2. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the magneto-dielectric material comprises 10 to 60 vol % of the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers based on the total volume of the magneto-dielectric material.
3. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers comprises a Z-type hexaferrite, a W-type hexaferrite, a U-type hexaferrite, an X-type hexaferrite, a Y-type hexaferrite, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; or wherein the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers comprises a Z-type hexaferrite.
4. A magneto-dielectric material comprising,
a polymer matrix; and
a plurality of hexaferrite microfibers; wherein the plurality hexaferrite microfibers comprise a cobalt Z-type hexaferrite having the formula:
(Ba z Sr (3−z) )Co (2+x) Mo x Fe (y−2x) O 41 wherein x is 0.01 to 0.2, y is 20 to 24, and z is 0 to 3;
wherein the magneto-dielectric material has a permeability of 2.5 to 7 in an x-direction parallel to a broad surface of the magneto-dielectric material and a magnetic loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.03; as determined at 1 GHz.
5. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality hexaferrite microfibers have an aspect ratio of greater than 50.
6. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers have
an average diameter of 0.3 to 10 micrometers and
an average length of 100 to 5,000 micrometers.
7. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers comprise a plurality of grains having a grain size of 0.3 to 20 micrometers; wherein 50 to 100% by number of the grains are oriented along an x-y plane of the respective microfiber.
8. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers are oriented parallel to an x-y plane of the magneto-dielectric material.
9. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the permeability of the magneto-dielectric material in the x-direction is 0.75 to 2 times greater than the permeability in the z-direction that is perpendicular to the broad surface.
10. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , having one or more of
an operating frequency of 1 GHz;
a permittivity of less than or equal to 10 as determined at 1 GHz; and
a dielectric loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.005 as determined at 1 GHz.
11. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive layer disposed on a surface of the magneto-dielectric material.
12. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a polyolefin, a polyurethane, a silicone, a polyether, poly(phenylene sulfide), or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
13. The magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermoset polybutadiene or polyisoprene or a thermoset polynorbornene.
14. A method of making the magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 , comprising:
injection molding the polymer matrix and the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermoplastic polymer; or
reaction injection molding a thermosetting polymer precursor composition and the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers.
15. The method of claim 14 , comprising injection molding or reaction injection molding the polymer matrix and the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers in the presence of a magnetic field.
16. An article comprising the magneto-dielectric material of claim 1 .
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein the article is an antenna, a transformer, or an inductor.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the article is a microwave device.
19. The article of claim 16 , comprising the magneto-dielectric material and a dielectric material that comprises 0 to 2 vol % of the plurality of hexaferrite microfibers based on the total volume of the dielectric material.
20. An article comprising a magneto-dielectric material; wherein the magneto-dielectric material comprises:
a polymer matrix; and
a plurality of z-type hexaferrite microfibers having an average diameter of 0.3 to 10 micrometers, an average length of 500 to 5,000 micrometers, and an aspect ratio of greater than or equal to 10;
wherein the magneto-dielectric material has a permeability of 2.5 to 7 in an x-direction parallel to a broad surface of the magneto-dielectric material, and a magnetic loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.03; as determined at 1 GHz; and
wherein the article is an antenna.