Graphene oxide modified thermoset monomer and synthesis thereof
A monomer is provided for a thermoset molding compound. The monomer is also polymerized with conventional monomers to form thermoplastic polymers. Graphene oxide is used to chelate metal ions to form a graphene oxide chelate that is coupled to a monomer retaining an aliphatic unsaturation capable of free radical polymerization reaction. Inclusion of a metal ion chelated to the graphene oxide affords control over the conductivity of the resultant article. In some embodiments, the monomer is found polymerized into a resulting article proximal to the article surface.
1. A cross-linkable monomer having a free radical curable ethylenic unsaturation covalently bonded to graphene oxide, the graphene oxide bonded to a metal ion.
2. The cross-linkable monomer of claim 1 having the formula:
X—(O-G-M n Y)CH 2 OH or X—O-G-M n Y (I)
where X is CH 2 ═CH—Ar—CH, CH 2 ═CH—Ar—CH(OH)CH 2 , CH 2 ═CH—CHRCH 2 or norbornene-C(O); Ar is phenyl, or a phenyl having a substituent; R is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, or hydroxyl; G is graphene oxide containing at least one carboxyl group and one hydroxyl group; M in each occurrence is independently a metal ion having a coordination number and selected from the group of silver, copper, iron, zinc, iron, or magnesium; n is an integer value of between 1 and 10, and Y is either a nullity or a chelating agent that in combination with the graphene oxide satisfies the coordination number of the metal ion, where the substituent is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkyl hydroxyl, C 1 -C 10 alkyl sulfonyl, or C 1 -C 10 alkyl amine.
3. The monomer of claim 2 wherein Y is a nullity.
4. The monomer of claim 2 wherein Y is ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
5. The monomer of claim 2 where X is a mixture of CH 2 ═CH—Ar—CH and CH 2 ═CH—Ar—CH(OH)CH 2 .
6. The monomer of claim 2 where X is norbornene-C(O).
7. A molding composition formulation comprising:
a thermoset cross-linkable polymeric resin; and
the cross-linkable monomer of claim 1 ; and
a free radical polymerization catalyst to cure said resin and said monomer to form an article.
8. The formulation of claim 7 further comprising styrene.
9. The formulation of claim 8 wherein said cross-linkable monomer is present in a ratio relative to said styrene of 0.00001-0.1:1.
10. The formulation of claim 7 further comprising a fiber filler of glass, carbon, natural, or a combination thereof.
11. The formulation of claim 7 further comprising a low profile additive.
12. The formulation of claim 7 further comprising hollow microspheroids.
13. The formulation of claim 7 further comprising filler particles.
14. The formulation of claim 7 wherein said resin is a polyester.
15. The formulation of claim 7 wherein said resin is an epoxy or a polyurethane.
16. The formulation of claim 7 wherein said article is one of a vehicle bumper beam, vehicle door panel component, automotive floor component, vehicle spoiler, a vehicle hood, a spoiler, a hood, a deck lid, or a body panel.
17. The monomer of claim 2 wherein M is only silver.