PROCESS OF UPGRADING LIGHT HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATES PRODUCED DURING CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS

1 . A process of upgrading C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and/or C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in produced gas and an aqueous phase to C 5 + hydrocarbons and/or C 5 + oxygenates, the produced gas and the aqueous phase comprising effluents from the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, the process comprising:

(i) upgrading the C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas and the aqueous phase product to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates in the gaseous phase;

(ii) upgrading the C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas and the aqueous phase product to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates from components of produced gas absorbed into the liquid phase;

(iii) upgrading the C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas and the aqueous phase product to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates from components in the aqueous phase vaporized into the gaseous phase; or

(iv) upgrading the C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas and the aqueous phase product to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates from a combined gaseous stream containing C 4 -Components from the produced gas and aqueous phase.

2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates are selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, methanol, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, ethanol, furan, acrolein, acetone, propanal, propanol, methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein, butanal, acetic acid, propionic acid and mixtures thereof; and the C 2 -C 4 olefins and dienes are selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, isobutene, butenes, propadiene, butadiene, and mixtures thereof.

3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the C 2 -C 4 olefins, dienes and/or C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + hydrocarbons and/or C 5 + oxygenates in the gas phase.

4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons and/or C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates in a fixed bed reactor.

5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the temperature in the fixed bed reactor is between from about 100° C. to about 700° C.

6 . (canceled)

7 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the gas space velocity in the fixed bed reactor is between from about 500 to about 10,000.

8 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the C 2 -C 4 olefins in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + hydrocarbons and the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + oxygenates in a catalytic gas phase reactor.

9 . The process of claim 8 , wherein the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates in the catalytic gas phase reactor in the presence of a solid basic catalyst.

10 . The process of claim 8 , further comprising extracting soluble oxygenates from a liquid phase containing the C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates.

11 . The process of claim 10 , wherein the soluble organic materials are extracted from the aqueous phase with methyl isobutyl ketone or ethyl acetate.

12 . The process of claim 3 , wherein:

(a) the produced gas is subjected to absorption with a liquid medium to remove at least a portion of the oxygenates to produce a liquid stream enriched in oxygenates and a scrubbed process gas stream depleted of oxygenates and containing the C 1 -C 4 olefins and dienes; and

(b) upgrading the C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons in the scrubbed process gas stream to C 5 + olefins in a gas phase catalytic reactor.

13 . (canceled)

14 . The process of claim 3 , wherein:

(a) the produced gas is subjected to liquid extraction to provide a liquid stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates;

(b) extracting the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the liquid stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates with a gaseous medium to render a gas stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates; and

(c) upgrading the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates to C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons in a catalytic gas phase reactor.

15 . The process of claim 14 , further comprising condensing the C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons produced in the catalytic gas phase reactor and separating oil containing the C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons,

16 . The process of claim 15 , further comprising mixing process water from the biomass conversion unit with the liquid stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates from step (a).

17 . The process of claim 8 , wherein:

(a) the produced gas containing C 1 -C 4 oxygenates and C 2 -C 4 olefins and dienes is first subjected to a first gas phase catalytic reactor in the presence of a first catalyst to produce a gas enriched in C 5 + hydrocarbons and oxygenate products and a gas enriched in unreacted C 2 -C 4 olefins and dienes;

(b) condensing the gas enriched in C 5 + hydrocarbons and oxygenate products; and

(c) feeding the gas enriched in C 2 -C 4 olefins and dienes to a second gas phase catalytic reactor in the presence of a second catalyst to render a gas enriched in C 5 + hydrocarbon products.

18 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas are upgraded to C 5 + oxygenates in the liquid phase.

19 . The process of claim 18 , wherein:

(a) absorbing the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates and hydrocarbons from the produced gas by scrubbing the produced gas using water as an absorption medium to produce a liquid stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates and hydrocarbons;

(b) the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the liquid stream enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates are upgraded to a stream containing C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons in a liquid phase catalytic reactor.

20 . (canceled)

21 . The process of claim 19 further comprising separating an oil phase containing the C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons and an aqueous waste stream.

22 . (canceled)

23 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced water are upgraded to C 5 + oxygenates in the gas phase.

24 . The process of claim 23 , comprising:

(a) subjecting the produced water to a gaseous medium in a gas scrubber render a scrubbed gas enriched in C 1 -C 4 oxygenates:,

(b) upgrading the C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the scrubbed process gas stream of step to C 5 + oxygenates and hydrocarbons in a gas phase catalytic reactor.

25 . (canceled)

26 . The process of claim 18 , further comprising:

compressing the gas enriched in C 2 -C 4 olefins and dienes and feeding the compressed gas into the second gas phase catalytic reactor at a pressure higher than the first gas phase catalytic reactor.

27 . A process of enhancing the yield of biofuel from biomass catalytically converted in a biomass conversion unit, the process comprising:

(A) separating a produced gas phase and an aqueous phase product, both containing C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates, from effluent from the biomass conversion unit; and

(B) converting the C 2 -C 4 olefins, C 2 -C 4 dienes and C 1 -C 4 oxygenates in the produced gas and the aqueous phase product to C 5 + hydrocarbons and C 5 + oxygenates from:

(i) produced gas in the gaseous phase;

(ii) from components of produced gas absorbed into the liquid phase;

(iii) from components in the aqueous phase vaporized into the gaseous phase; or

(iv) from a combined gaseous stream containing C 4 -Components from the produced gas and aqueous phase.

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