Non-nesting, non-deforming patterns for spiral-wound elements
Embodiments of the present invention provide for the deposition of spacing elements for spiral wound elements that prevent nesting of adjacent spacer layers and occlusion of feed space during element rolling.
1. A membrane for use in a spiral wound permeable membrane system, comprising a membrane having spacing features disposed on a surface of the membrane, wherein the spacing features are more closely spaced near the edges of the membrane than in portions of the membrane distant from the edges.
2. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the edges of the membrane are defined as the region within three inches of the edge of the membrane.
3. A membrane as in claim 2 , wherein the edges of the membrane are defined as the region within one inch of the edge of the membrane.
4. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing features are made of one or more of thermoplastics, reactive polymers, waxes, and resins, deposited directly onto the membrane surface.
5. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing features are made of one or more of high-temperature thermoplastics, metals, and ceramics, formed apart from the membrane surface and then adhered to the membrane surface.
6. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing features comprise a plurality of substantially parallel line segments spaced apart from each other by nonuniform spacing distances.
7. A membrane as in claim 6 , wherein a first subset of the plurality of substantially parallel line segments comprises substantially parallel line segments that are adjacent to and spaced apart from each other by nonuniform spacing distances thereby forming a pattern, and wherein other subsets of the plurality of substantially parallel line segments comprise repeats of the pattern.
8. A membrane as in claim 7 , wherein the pattern extends a distance of at least 6 inches, measured perpendicular to the line segments, from a first line segment at a first end of the pattern to a a second line segment at a second end, opposite the first end, of the pattern.
9. A membrane as in claim 8 , wherein the distance is at least 12 inches.
10. A membrane as in claim 7 , wherein the nonuniform spacing distances have an average distance, and wherein each of the nonuniform spacing distances differs from the average distance by less than 15% of the average distance.
11. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing features comprise a plurality of line segments spaced apart from each other and oriented non-parallel to each other at nonuniform angles.
12. A membrane as in claim 11 , wherein a first subset of the plurality of line segments comprises line segments that are adjacent to and oriented relative to each other at nonuniform angles thereby forming a pattern, and wherein other subsets of the plurality of line segments comprise repeats of the pattern.
13. A membrane as in claim 12 , wherein the pattern extends for a distance of at least 6 inches measured from an end of a first line segment at a first end of the pattern to a corresponding end of a second line segment at a second end, opposite the first end, of the pattern.
14. A membrane as in claim 13 , wherein the distance is at least 12 inches.
15. A membrane as in claim 12 , wherein the nonuniform angles have an average angle, and wherein each of the angles differs from the average angle by less than 15% of the average angle.
16. A membrane as in claim 1 , wherein the spacing features comprise a plurality of curved segments that are spaced apart from each other by nonuniform spacing distances determined along at least one path traversing the spacing features.