Fuel composition
A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising a liquid base fuel; and a (co)polymer obtainable by (co)polymerizing at least the following monomers: one or more bicyclic (meth)acrylate esters (a); up to 15 wt % of styrene (b); optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers that are not monomer (a) or (b); up to a total of 100 wt %, wherein the weight percentages of the monomer are based on the total weight of all of the monomers.
1. A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising:
a liquid base fuel; and
a copolymer formed by copolymerizing monomers, the monomers comprising at least the following:
(a) one or more bicyclic methacrylate esters,
(b) a styrene at a concentration ranging from 0 wt. % to 15 wt. %, and
(c) other ethylenically unsaturated monomers,
wherein the weight percentages of the monomers are based on the total weight of all the monomers, and
wherein the copolymer has a weight averaged molecular weight of from above 2,000,000 Dalton to 50,000,000 Dalton.
2. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the bicyclic methacrylate is according to formula I:
wherein
R is selected from the group consisting of H and —CH 3 ,
A is selected from the group consisting of —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, and —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, and
M is covalently bonded to a carbon atom of the six-membered ring and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a methyl group or a plurality thereof.
3. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a random copolymer.
4. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of:
the bicyclic methacrylate ester is present at a concentration ranging from 60 wt. % to 99.95 wt. %,
the styrene is present at a concentration ranging from 0.05 wt. % to 15 wt. %, and
the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are present at a concentration ranging from 0 wt. % to 25 wt. %.
5. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of:
the bicyclic methacrylate ester is present at a concentration ranging from 85 wt. % to 99.95 wt. %,
the styrene is present at a concentration ranging from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, and
the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are present at a concentration ranging from 0 wt. % to 10 wt. %.
6. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of:
the bicyclic methacrylate ester is present at a concentration ranging from 90 wt. % to 99.95 wt. %,
the styrene is present at a concentration ranging from 2 wt. % to 8 wt. %, and
the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are present at a concentration ranging from 0 wt. % to 5 wt. %.
7. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises a total of bicyclic methacrylate ester and styrene in an amount of 80 wt % or more.
8. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises a total of bicyclic methacrylate ester and styrene in an amount of 95 wt % or more.
9. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is produced from isobornyl methacrylate and styrene.
10. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has a cloud point in fuel of 12.5° C. or lower.
11. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the base fuel is a diesel base fuel and the fuel composition is a diesel fuel composition.
12. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of copolymer present in the fuel composition is in the range of from 10 ppm to 300 ppm, by weight of the fuel composition.
13. The method of blending a fuel composition according to claim 1 , the method comprising blending one of the copolymer and an additive package containing the copolymer with the base fuel.