Three-dimensional printed part
In an example, a three-dimensional (3D) printed part comprises a plurality of fused build material layers including exterior layers and interior layers. At least some of the interior layers include a composite portion having a miscible solid physically bonded to an amide functionality or an amine functionality of the build material. The miscible solid is a solid at a room temperature ranging from about 18° C. to about 25° C.
1. A three-dimensional (3D) printing method, comprising:
applying a build material containing an amide functionality or an amine functionality;
patterning at least a portion of the build material by:
selectively applying a fusing agent on the portion of the build material; and
selectively jetting a ductility tailoring agent on at least a region of the portion, the ductility tailoring agent including a water-based solvent system and a miscible solid that is at least partially soluble in the water-based solvent system and that is compatible with the amide functionality or the amine functionality of the build material,
wherein the miscible solid is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-benzene sulfonamide, a mixture of 4-methyl-benzene and 2-methyl-benzene sulfonamide, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, N-ethylbenzenesulfonam ide, N-propylbenzenesulfonamide, N-butyl-N-dodecylbenzenesulfonam ide, N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide, p-methylbenzenesulfonamide, o/p-toluene sulfonamide, p-toluene sulfonamide, 2-ethylhexyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 1-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, dioctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and combinations thereof, and
wherein the miscible solid is present in the ductility tailoring agent in an amount of about 35 wt % to about 75 wt %,
thereby generating a patterned portion; and
exposing the build material, including the patterned portion, to radiation, thereby fusing the patterned portion to form a layer;
wherein the miscible solid forms a composite portion in the layer.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the water-based solvent system is selected from the group consisting of water, N-2-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,6-hexanediol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, 2-pyrrolidinone, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein:
the composite portion is less than all of the layer; and one of:
i) the selectively applying of the fusing agent includes applying a greater amount of the fusing agent to the region of the patterned portion than to a remaining region of the patterned portion; or
ii) the selectively applying of the fusing agent includes selectively applying a same amount to the region of the patterned portion and to the remaining region of the patterned portion at different times.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the ductility tailoring agent and the fusing agent are combined into a single fusing/ductility tailoring agent and wherein all of the layer includes the composite portion.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein one of:
the selectively applying of the fusing agent is accomplished separate from and prior to the selectively jetting of the ductility tailoring agent; or
the selectively jetting of the ductility tailoring agent is accomplished separate from and prior to the selectively applying of the fusing agent.
6. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the selectively jetting of the ductility tailoring agent is accomplished by thermal inkjet printing, continuous inkjet printing, or piezoelectric inkjet printing.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein prior to the patterning, the method further comprises forming the ductility tailoring agent by:
combining the miscible solid, a water-based solvent, and a humectant to form a stock solution; and
combining a predetermined amount of the stock solution with a jettable composition.
8. The method as defined in claim 7 wherein the jettable composition includes an anti-kogation agent, a surfactant, an antimicrobial agent, a co-solvent, or combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the miscible solid is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-benzene sulfonamide, the mixture of 4-methyl-benzene and 2-methyl-benzene sulfonamide, N-ethylbenzenesulfonam ide, N-propylbenzenesulfonamide, N-butyl-N-dodecylbenzenesulfonam ide, N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide, p-methylbenzenesulfonamide, o/p-toluene sulfonamide, p-toluene sulfonamide, 2-ethylhexyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 1-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and combinations thereof.