Compositions for treating inflammation and methods of treating the same
Provided herein are compositions useful for treating inflammation in a subject and methods of decreasing inflammation in the skin, mucosa, and/or eye of a subject comprising applying a pharmaceutical composition that includes an NO-releasing compound to the skin, mucosa, and/or eye of the subject in an amount sufficient to decrease inflammation.
1. A method of treating an inflammatory condition of the skin, mucosa, and/or eye in a subject, the method comprising topically administering to the skin, mucosa, and/or eye of said subject a nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one nitric oxide releasing compound comprising a diazeniumdiolate functional group in an amount effective to treat said inflammatory condition of the skin, mucosa, and/or eye,
wherein the nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition comprises a first composition in admixture with a second composition,
wherein the first composition is a hydrophobic composition that is in the form of an ointment and the first composition comprises the at least one nitric oxide releasing compound and a hydrophobic base,
wherein the hydrophobic base is present in an amount of about 50% to about 95% by weight of the first composition,
wherein the hydrophobic base a natural and/or synthetic fat, a natural and/or synthetic wax, and/or natural and/or synthetic oil,
wherein the second composition is a hydrogel comprising a buffering agent, and
wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition has a pH in a range from 4 to 6.5, as measured in vitro, at about 1 hour after administration.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitric oxide releasing compound comprises NO-releasing co-condensed silica particles.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition comprises two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is topically administered in an amount effective to decrease inflammatory cells in the skin, mucosa, and/or eye of said subject.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is configured and/or formulated to deliver nitric oxide to an endothelial cell in the skin, mucosa, and/or eye of said subject.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is topically administered in an amount effective to modulate and/or inhibit at least one cytokine selected from the group consisting of TNFα, IL-1, IL-1α, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-17a, IL-17f, IL-22, IL-23, IL-12/IL-23p40, KC/Gro, and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory condition is an infection in said skin, mucosa, and/or eye of said subject.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is topically administered in an amount effective to reduce the amount of IL-17A, IL-17F, and/or IL-1β in the subject.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the topical administration of said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition does not produce systemic effects from the administration of nitric oxide.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one nitric oxide releasing compound comprising the diazeniumdiolate functional group is present in the first composition in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the first composition.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition has a pH of less than about 7, as measured in vitro.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition has a pH in a range from 4 to 6.5, as measured in vitro, at about 24 hours after administration.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH at about 1 hour after administration and at about 24 hours after administration varies by less than ±0.2.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide at least a 2-log reduction in bacterial counts at about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days after administration of the composition.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is administered once daily.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition is administered twice daily.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition releases at least about 100 nmol of NO/mg of the composition at 1 hour after administration, as measured by in vitro release.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitric oxide-releasing pharmaceutical composition has a maximum concentration (Cmax) of NO release of at least about 1200 pmol of NO/mg of the composition at about 1 to about 20 minutes after administration, as measured by in vitro release.